ENGLISH-SPANISH PHRASE BOOK. 
A, like a in father. 
B, soft, like an English b before l 
and r, and after m and n. Soft 
in other cases, like v, as escribir 
(ess-kree-veer'). 
C, like k before a, o, u, or a conso¬ 
nant. Like th before e and i. 
Ch, like the ch in church. 
D, as in English, after l, n, s, r; in 
other cases somewhat like an 
open ih. In common speech, be¬ 
tween two vowels, d almost dis¬ 
appears, as amado (amah'oh). 
Final d usually is silent, as listed 
(oostay'). 
E is short, like e in tell slightly 
drawled, or long like ai in air (ai 
or ay). 
G before consonants and the vowels 
a, o, u, is hard, like the g in give. 
Before c and i soft like ch in the 
Scotch loch. 
H is never sounded except at the be¬ 
ginning of words and followed by 
ue. 
I like ee in meet, as vino. 
J before c and i a guttural, like the 
ch in the Scotch word loch, as 
paja (pa/z'ah). 
LI like the double ll in the word bil¬ 
liards. In every-day speech it is 
almost reduced to y; e. g., calle 
(kah'yeh). 
Vuestra sehoria is contracted into Vuesehoria or 
(your worship, grace) has become usted, still 
Spanish Pronunciation. 
N, as in English, but silent in the 
prefix trans, as transformar 
trahs-formar') ; h with accent 
like ny in banyan. 
O, as in English go —never as in on. 
Q, followed by u, is only used before 
e and i, and sounds like k :— 
aquel (ah-kel')- 
S always pronounced like the s in 
sole, never like z. In every-day 
speech s is silent before r, e. g., 
dos reales (dohr'ay-ahl'ess). 
T, like t in tart, and never undergoes 
the variations it does in English, 
in creature, nation, etc.; patio is 
pronounced pah'tee-oh. 
U, like oo in look. It is not pro¬ 
nounced if preceded by q or g 
and followed by e or i, as :—que 
(kay), guerrero (gayr-ray'roh), 
unless marked by the diaeresis, 
Camaguey (Cama-goo-ay). When 
used in a diphthong it is pro¬ 
nounced as w, e. g., agua (ahg'- 
wah), hueso (whay'soh). 
between two vowels, and in the 
prefix ex, is pronounced as in 
English ( ks). 
when standing alone, like e in the 
English word me. 
Z, like the English th in thought, as 
-—zorra (thor'rah). 
F, L, M. P, R, V and Y as in English. 
Usia. Vuestra merced 
further contracted in 
X, 
Y 
writing to V. or Vd. (you), which is the common form of address. The 
plural is ustedes, written Vms. or VV. Ex.: Como estd ustedf How are 
you? Es V. muy amable. You are very kind. 
Sehor (Mr.), Sehora (Mrs.), and Sehorita (Miss) are used with the 
article, except when preceded by a possessive pronoun, mi, tu, etc., as: 
el sehor Martinez, la sehora Isla, The titles Don and Doha can only be 
used before Christian names, as: Don Pedro , Doha Aurora, el Sehor 
Don Luis Pacheco, la Sehora Doha Aurora de Guzman. 
The Definite Article has the following forms:— 
Masc. Fern. Neut. Masc. Fern. 
Sing., el, the la (el) lo. PL, los las. 
The Indefinite Article has the following forms:— 
Masc. Fern Masc. Fern. 
Sing., uno ( un) una (un) PL, unos unas. 
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