172 
THE STANDARD GUIDE. 
and four miles southeast are the fields of San Juan and Kettle Hills, El 
Caney and other points of fighting, now comprised in a public park and 
reached by carriage drive over an excellent road. At El Caney and San 
Juan Hill monuments record the events of July, 1898. The inscription of 
the simple shaft at San Juan reads: “In memory of the officers and men 
of the United States Army, who were killed in the assault and capture of 
this ridge, July 1st, 1898, and the siege of Santiago, July 1st to July 16th, 
1898. War between Spain and the United States.” 
Near is the ceiba tree which stood midway between the American and 
Spanish lines, and beneath which on July 17, 1898, General Shafter 
received from General Toral the surrender of Santiago. 
Founded by Velazquez in 1514, Santiago is, second to Baracoa, the 
oldest town on the island. For a long period it was the capital and the 
only open port. It is now the second city in political importance and 
third in commerce. The population is about 60,000. Formerly a pest 
hole of yellow fever and other diseases, and left by the Spaniards in an 
unspeakably filthy and unsanitary condition, the town was cleaned and 
redeemed by the Americans, the yellow fever was extirpated, and San¬ 
tiago was converted into a fit and wholesome place for human beings .to 
live in. It is to-day clean and 
healthy, and one of the most allur¬ 
ing and delightful cities to visit on 
this side of the Atlantic. 
To foreigners the city is known 
as Santiago; the Cubans call it 
Cuba. The full name is Santiago 
de Cuba. It was named after San 
Jago or Santiago, the patron saint 
of Spain, and was called Santiago 
de Cuba to distinguish it from 
Santiago de Compostella in Spain. 
The legend runs that when St. 
Peter appointed to the Apostles 
their respective spheres of labor, 
the peninsula of Spain was 
allotted to St. James the Greater, 
son of Zebedee. After he had 
received his crown of martyrdom 
on his return to Jerusalem, his 
body was conveyed to the sea 
coast at Joppa, where it was 
placed on shipboard and was 
miraculously carried in seven days 
through the Straits of Gibraltar 
THE VIRGIN OF COBRE. 
