3 
These evils have to a great extent been removed by the creation of a new chief 
command, by the reorganisation of existing chief commands, by the permanent 
grouping and quartering of batteries and by the division of the mountain artillery 
into separate minor commands. It still remains to appoint an inspector-general 
for mountain artillery as was done six years ago for the garrison artillery. 
The 1st command includes the mountain batteries of the 1st, 7th and 12th 
regiments (Hungary and Transylvania); the 2nd command those of the 2nd, 6th, 
9th, 13th and 14th regiments (Northern Hungary and Southern Slavonia); the 
3rd command those of the 8th, 10th and 11th regiments (Bohemia, Western and 
Eastern G-alacia), the 4th command the artillery of Bosnia and Herzegovinia. 
That the mountain batteries are for the purposes of administration still more or 
less connected to the field artillery regiments, from which they draw their supplies 
of men, is a matter of minor importance. The great point is that they are grouped 
in separate commands and, for tactical and general service purposes, are indepen¬ 
dent of the field artillery, and even the present improved arrangements we may 
regard as merely preparatory to that superior organisation which will, doubtless, 
soon replace them. 
Mountain Artillery in Spain and Portugal. 
In connection with the above it is interesting to note the present strengthening 
of the mountain artillery of both Spain and Portugal. 
Spain possesses two regiments of mountain artillery, each of 4 batteries and 
each battery containing 6 guns, A battery consists of 4 officers, 101 men, 
36 saddle-horses and 112 draught animals. The regiments are numbered 1 and 
2 and are stationed at Barcelona and Vittoria. 
It appears from a statement in the “Revue du cercle militaire ” that the crea¬ 
tion of another regiment of mountain artillery has been ordered by royal decree 
and that it is to be stationed in Cuba. 
It will be composed of:—• 
1st, Three batteries, which will be attached for the present to the army 
now in the field ; 
2nd, Three more batteries, of which two will be formed from the 1st and 
one from the 2nd regiment. 
The batteries now in Cuba are armed with 80 mm Plasencia guns, but the 
new batteries are to have the 80 mra Krupp guns. The difference will not be of 
importance, as the batteries act for the most part separately. 
In Portugal the number of the mountain batteries was raised from two to four 
by a decree of September, 1895. These batteries form a brigade under the com¬ 
mand of a major or lieutenant-colonel. In view of the mountainous character of 
Portugal itself and of the services that such artillery might well render in the 
Portuguese colonies, the necessity of having an efficient mountain artillery had 
long been felt by the military authorities. 
