84 A MANUAL FOR NORTHERN WOODSMEN 
along with the amount of the deflection. Notes may be 
kept as follows: 
Instr. 
at 
Deflection 
Angle 
Observed 
Bearing 
Computed 
Bearing 
Distance 
0 
N. 81° E. 
N. 81° E. 
518.63 ft. 
1 
89° 19' L. 
N. 8° 15'W. 
N. 8° 19' W. 
48.19 ft. 
2 
84° 8' R. 
N. 75° 45' E. 
N. 75° 49' E. 
300.53 ft. 
In any case, a sketch kept on the right-hand page of the 
note book will be an aid to clearness. The whole survey, 
indeed, may be recorded in that form. 
A Survey or Traverse by Azimuths. Azimuth is the 
angle which a line forms with the meridian, or with any 
other line which is selected as a basis. It is similar to bear¬ 
ing, but is measured in one direction, commonly from 
south around through west, north, and east up to 360°, and 
transits are commonly graduated so as to be read directly 
in this way. The method of work is as follows: 
Set up on the initial point of the survey, set the zeros of 
the two plates together, clamp them, and turn until the 
telescope points south, as shown by the needle. Clamp 
below, loosen above, and point the telescope at the second 
point of the survey, recording the angular reading, and the 
bearing for a check upon it. Clamp above and loosen 
below. Measure the line. 
Set up over the second point, revolve the telescope, and 
turn on the first point, making sure not to start the upper 
clamp at any time during the process. Clamp below; then 
revolve the telescope into its natural position, loosen above, 
and turn on the third point of the survey. The azimuth of 
this line may now be read off the plate and bearing by the 
needle for a check. Measure the second line. Proceed in 
this way until the survey is completed. If the survey is a 
closed one, when the transit is finally set up again at thf 
initial point, the azimuth of the first line should be th< 
same as it was at the beginning. 
