124 A MANUAL FOR NORTHERN WOODSMEN 
partly by traverse, partly by straight-line travel across the 
sections. Elevations by barometer checked by the baro¬ 
graph whenever it is necessary to remain away from known 
points a considerable time. Timber estimated and topo¬ 
graphic notes obtained at same time. Cruising, reduction 
of notes, and map making about six weeks’ work for the 
explorer, who may need a companion or camp man. 
Comments. 1. Division into mile squares may look 
expensive, like going a long way round to secure topo¬ 
graphic data. These lines, however, have value on other 
accounts; have, in fact, proved their value over and over 
again in timber land administration. As before stated, 
they are useful in definitely bounding logging contracts, 
they are perfectly understood by logging foremen, and 
are of great service to them in their timber estimates 
and the laying out of their roads. They are, in addition, of 
great service in keeping track of subsequent cutting or 
other developments on the land. 
On the other hand, the mile square is not so large an 
area but that it can be mapped accurately and its timber 
estimated according to the methods here recommended. 
2. The strip survey system might, of course, be used 
instead of the one-man system employed. The advantages 
of each will be understood from what comes before and 
after. 
3. It may be advisable in some cases to separate entirely 
the topographic and timber work. In general, however, 
the thoroughly equipped man wull find that travel that 
helps him in one direction helps also in the other. 
The Maps. Maps of forest property should be on a 
large scale to allow the preservation of notes about small 
bunches of timber, etc. Four inches to the mile for tracts of 
large size has proved serviceable. As to contours, a fifty- 
foot interval wall serve, in the rough land of New England, 
to represent most features of the topography. 
The results of such a survey are, for business purposes, 
best embodied in two map sheets, one showing the waters, 
relief, and other permanent features of the country, the 
other exhibiting all the facts concerning the timber. 
This last should be on tracing linen, so that it mav be laid 
