METHODS OF MAP MAKING 125 
over the topographic sheet, and the two seen in relation. 
Not only the amount of timber is thus exhibited, but the 
steepness of the ground it stands on, and the distance it 
must be hauled. It will appear, too, whether a valley 
has been cut clean to a divide. On this timber sheet , cut¬ 
tings and other operations of succeeding years may be 
plotted. If it gets too complicated, it may be thrown away 
and a new one substituted. 
A sample map of this kind is reproduced on reduced 
scale herewith. These maps may also be supplemented 
by topographic models. Contour maps are not read easilv 
by every person, as, for instance, by some lumbermen, 
but a model of the land, as it lies out of doors, is imme¬ 
diately grasped by all. With the aid of a blue print of 
the map which may be cut up and used as a pattern a 
model is cheaply built out of cardboard or veneer. With 
such a model at hand, a contract may be let or plans 
of work talked over in the office with the same clearness 
as to major features as if men stood on the ground. 
Following is a topographic map of a section of land as 
derived from traverse of the boundaries, a road, and two 
trips across it. After that come notes of the road traverse 
and of one of the trips across it. For notes of jsurvey of 
south line see page 29. On the map observed elevations 
are written in. Contours as seen are solid; contours in¬ 
ferred are broken. 
Principles of Cruising. A plan of cruising designed 
to secure topographical and timber data every man will 
think out for himself and a new one for each tract under¬ 
taken. The following, however, are believed to be sound 
principles for guidance in this class of work. 
1. Main streams, roads, lakes, etc., should of course be 
traversed, and they may be important enough to demand 
some other method of survey than compass and pacing. 
One should be very careful, too, about waste lands, burns, 
and the boundaries of heavy bodies of timber. 
2. It is generally advisable to explore the country one 
section at a time, for in that way one comes out with the 
clearest ideas upon it. 
* 3. Cross country travel which locates brooks and ridge 
