196 A MANUAL FOR NORTHERN WOODSMEN 
8. Very bunchy timber can be estimated only in bunches 
or tree by tree. No general system of lines or plots can 
be trusted to give safe results. 
9. In the emergencies which arise in actual business, 
a little rough and ready land surveying is often the most 
vital part of a reliable timber estimate. One or two lines 
run with compass and chain will frequently check areas 
of waste land or of different stand in effective fashion. 
Transit and stadia work on streams or roads often 
affords very material help. There is continual call for 
the sort of results that can best be obtained by means of 
compass and pacing. 
D. Pacific Coast Methods 
Much Pacific Coast timber is 200 feet and over in height 
and of diameter to correspond, while the stand sometimes 
passes 20 million feet per quarter section. It is evident, 
therefore, that because of the values involved intensive 
methods of cruising are appropriate, while peculiarities 
of method are suggested by the very size and height of 
the timber. Of the region as a whole the portion west of 
the Cascade Mountains in Washington and Oregon, pro¬ 
ducing Douglas fir, “Oregon pine” as it was called form¬ 
erly, is most active and characteristic, and the following 
refers to that region unless specified otherwise. 
SUCCESSIVE LOGS IN A FIR 
Top 
•Diam. 
Scale 
% of 
Total 
1st 32-foot log. 
31 
1420 
33 
2nd 32-foot log. 
28 
1160 
27 
3rd 32-foot log. 
25 
920 
21 
4th 32-foot log. 
20 
560 
14 
5th 32-foot log . 
14 
230 
5 
Total . 
4290 
100 
Adjustment of methods to the conditions is illustrated 
particularly by the volume tables employed, for those 
at present in most extensive and responsible use are 
