204 A MANUAL FOR NORTHERN WOODSMEN 
per cent, and the third 21 per cent, while top diameters 
are approximately 33, 29 and 25 inches respectively. 
One of these logs is large enough for No. 1; it may or may 
not be clear enough. Second and third logs are of suffi¬ 
cient size, and likely to be of a quality, to put them in 
the second grade. 
Methods in this branch of the work, however, vary 
greatly. A few, in the endeavor to reduce the field of 
judgment, have gone into much detail and devised forms 
of notes which record trees by sizes and log grades in each 
tree as its contents is estimated. Of the percentage of 
successive logs, it may be said that the above relations 
are fairly typical — that is to say in normal fir timber 
large enough so that log grades are of importance, about 
35 per cent of the total contents of trees is contained in 
the butt log if cut 32 feet long, the second log will add 
25 to 30 per cent more, and about 20 per cent will be 
in the third log. Breakage and defect may throw out 
these relations, and they are different in extremely tall 
or short timber. 
Butt 
Diam. 
Inches 
In. Taper in 32 Ft. 
3 Logs or 96 Feet 
4 Logs or 128 Feet 
Diam. Top in. 
Contents 
B. M 
Logs 
Diam. Top in. 
Contents 
B. M 
Logs 
1 m % 1 
TJ 
<N 
P8 % 
% 1st 1 
T) 
n 
& 
43 
3 
28 
4230 
40 
33 
27 
25 
5128 
33 
27 
22 
18 
4 
25 
3714 
43 
33 
24 
21 
4330 
37 
28 
21 
14 
5 
22 
3234 
46 
33 
21 
17 
3610 
42 
29 
19 
10 
37 
6 
19 
2790 
50 
32 
18 
13 
2979 
47 
30 
17 
06 
7 
16 
2386 
55 
32 
11 
8 
13 
2029 
60 
31 
09 
9 
10 
1729 
66 
28 
06 
Note. Half logs are given in the original tables. 
Since a large share of the timber of the fir region is 
realized on by its owners in the form not of lumber but 
of logs, the inducement is small to go further than the log 
in quality work in that region. It is otherwise, however, 
in the regions characterized by pine, where there are no 
