206 A MANUAL FOR NORTHERN WOODSMEN 
Shop logs 40-45 per cent No. 2 Shop and better, a fifth 
to a fourth B and C. 
Rough logs have yielded about 15 per cent No. 2 Shop 
and better. 
For the Novice. From the foregoing it will be inferred 
that the best timber cruising in the Pacific region is a 
highly expert business, requiring in addition to accuracy 
and alertness, thorough personal training and judgment 
in high degree. There are always learners in the field, 
however, and occasionally inexpert men are so situated 
that with whatever equipment they can command they 
must do their best to size up the quantity and value of 
timber. To such, a caution in respect to the loss of ap¬ 
parent volume that breakage, shake and decay may 
cause and the very large part that location, and especially 
quality, play in the value of timber is an essential service." 
Then it is true and worthy of regard that in these cir¬ 
cumstances simple methods may actually give the best 
results. 
A man may learn much in a logging operation where 
timber similar to that he is concerned with can be ex¬ 
amined after it is felled and bucked into logs. He can 
see how much is broken up, whether the timber is rotten 
or sound, and from the cross cuts and surface indications 
of the logs examined at close range get an idea of the prev¬ 
alence of knots, shakes and other blemishes. Then he 
can scale up the logs from a number of trees, ascertain¬ 
ing the total length utilized and the quantity of mer¬ 
chantable timber derived from each tree. This he will 
attach to its length and base diameter and endeavor to 
link up with trees of similar dimensions standing. 
Such work as this will enable a man to understand a 
volume table, and he may even get enough measures to 
make one for himself in some size groups, with which he 
may check published volume tables. Or old devices and 
short cuts 1 may be tried out with the idea of sharpening 
1 Such as the following:— 
Average the base diameter of the tree and the top diameter of 
its merchantable timber; get the scale of a log of that diameter 
