12 
they climb trees well ? and have they any peculiar mode of 
doing this ? 19. Have they much power of moving the ears, 
scalp, or features ? 20. Can they shut one eye without 
closing the other? 21. Can they extend one finger without 
opening the hand P and do they habitually point with one 
finger or with the open hand ? 22. Have they any tricks of 
sleight of hand ? 23. Do they make much use of the feet in 
holding objects ? and is the great toe in any degree opposable ? 
24. Are the joints generally stiff or pliable? 
No. IX.—PHYSIOGNOMY. 
By C. DARWIN, Esq., E.R.S. 
Observations on natives who have had. little communication 
with Europeans would be of course the most valuable, though 
those made on any natives would be of much interest. General 
remarks on expression are of comparatively little value ; and 
memory is so deceptive that it ought not to be trusted. A definite 
description of the countenance under any emotion or frame of 
mind, with a statement of the circumstances under which it 
occurred, would possess much value. 
1. Is astonishment expressed by the eyes and mouth being 
opened wide, and by the eyebrows being raised ? Are the 
open hands often raised high up, with the fingers widely 
separated, and the palms directed towards the person causing 
astonishment ? Is the open mouth in some cases covered by 
the hand ? or is the hand carried to some part of the head ? 
2. Does shame excite a blush when the colour of the skin 
allows it to be visible ? and especially how low down the body 
does the blush extend ? 3. When a man is indignant or 
defiant, does he frown, hold his body and head erect, square his 
shoulders and clench his fists ? 4. When considering deeply 
on any subject, or trying to understand any puzzle, does he 
frown, or wrinkle the skin beneath the lower eyelids ? 
5. When in low spirits, are the corners of the mouth de¬ 
pressed, and the inner corner of the eyebrows raised by that 
muscle which the French call the u Grief muscle”? (The 
eyebrow in this state becomes slightly oblique, with a little 
