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tic marks of the cross remain longest (hair, eyes, nails, &c.) ? 
10. What is the intellectual and moral position of mixed breeds 
between races, one of which is greatly superior to the other ? 
(Social conditions may interfere with this problem; a despised 
and helot race can hardly maintain a high moral standard.) 
11. Does a mixed breed develop any new and special aptitudes 
or talents ? or is it superior in any respect to both its constitu¬ 
ent stocks ? 12. Can any direct cause be alleged for sterility 
where prevalent, e. g. physical unsuitability, frequency of pros¬ 
titution or of abortion, &c. ? 
No. XVI.—REPRODUCTION. 
By Dr. BEDDOE, E.R.S. 
1. What is the average age of both sexes at marriage ? 
2. What is the average number of a family ? how many boys 
and girls P 3. If it can be done on a sufficient scale, ascertain 
the wdiole number of boys and girls respectively born in a 
certain area or portion of a tribe (this is especially desirable 
where polygamy or polyandry exists) ? 4. What is the 
greatest number observed in one family ? 5. How many 
are known to have been born from one mother ? and of these 
how many grew up ? 6. Do twins or triplets ever occur ? if 
so, how are they regarded ? are some or all of them put to 
death ? 
7. Are there any other restraints on population? (see LIU., 
LIV.). 8. Is barrenness common in women? or is want of virile 
power complained of by men ? 9. Are drugs or other contrivances 
used to increase or limit reproduction (LIV.) ? 10. Do births 
occur out of wedlock ? When they do, what becomes of the 
children ? 11. Do large families occur chiefly among the 
upper or the lower classes or castes? 12. Does population 
appear to be increasing or decreasing, judging not only by 
report, but by extent of occupied land, size of cemeteries, ruins 
of villages or forts, &c. ? 13. Can the ratio of births and 
deaths in a community of known population be obtained ? 
14. What is the proportion of violent deaths ? 
