35 
22. The traveller before starting should makehimself thoroughly- 
acquainted with these forms, and also with the appearance of 
stone flakes, bulbs of percussion, facets, &c., and he should be 
able to distinguish the drift-types from the surface-types as 
they are known in this country. 
Megalithic Monuments. —23. Dig between the uprights of 
megalithic monuments to ascertain if they have been used as 
burial-places, taking care not to overturn the stones. 24; 
Take plans, marking the uprights in lines and the cap-stones 
in dotted lines, noting the compass-bearings, and be parti¬ 
cular in stating that they are compass-bearings, when such is 
the case, and not true bearings. 25. Are holes bored in the 
uprights ? and are there any superstitious observances in the 
country connected with these or similar holes ? 26. Note the 
topographical position, whether situated on hill-tops, on the 
terraces of river-valleys, and so forth. 27. Note the age of any 
trees growing within or upon these or similar monuments. 28. 
Is there any evidence of the stones having formerly been 
covered by a tumulus ? 29. Describe all the varieties that 
exist, and ascertain, if possible, whether the varieties of form 
are due to original design or to subsequent dilapidations. 30. 
What is the greatest observed size of single stones P Is the 
stone used found close to hand, or has it been brought from a 
distance ? 31. Are they ever daubed with red or any other 
colouring-matter ? 32. Recount any traditions of the inhabi¬ 
tants respecting these monuments. 33. Are- votive offerings 
still made at these monuments ? and have the superstitions con¬ 
nected with them been incorporated into the religion of the 
period ? 
Tumuli .— 'Burial-places. —34. Take sections of the surface 
of tumuli, when possible, before excavating them; drive in 
a peg in some spot where it is not likely to be covered by 
the excavated material, and let this be a standard of refer¬ 
ence for the levels of all objects discovered in the tumulus. 
35. Out a trench from the outside towards the centre at least 
one half the width of the tumulus, throwing back the earth ; 
be careful to reach the undisturbed soil everywhere ; look out 
for holes in the undisturbed soil, and examine their contents 
carefully; when the central interment is reached, dig down¬ 
wards over it from the top. 36. Note the levels of any layers 
of charcoal that may occur, also animal remains. 37. If the 
tumulus has been used as a place of interment subsequently to 
its original construction, distinguish carefully the primary from 
the secondary interments. 38. For relics deposited with the 
d 2 
