86 
dead (see LXII.). 39. Take the compass-hearings of all inter¬ 
ments, preserve the skulls, if possible, with the lower jaws, and 
even any fragments of skulls, and measure the hones (II.). 
Ancient Intrenchments. —40. (XLII. War.) Cut into the 
ditches of ancient intrenchments in search of anv relics which 
may have accumulated at the bottom and become silted over. 
Lake Habitations. —41. Examine small islands near the shores 
of lakes or rivers, to see if they have been inhabited at a 
former period ; see if piles of wood have been driven in round 
the margin, and whether there has been a communication with 
the shore by means of a causeway ; preserve all relics found 
on or beneath the surface, and make apian of the locality. 
Inscriptions. —42. (LXXXVI.) 
Ancient Habitations. —43. Examine the floors of ancient 
habitations, as far as the undisturbed soil, for the relics of a 
past age \ take plans (LXXYI. Habitations). 
No. XX.—ETYMOLOGY. 
By E. B. TYLOB, Esq., E.B.S. 
Local names, as of mountains, rivers, towns, &c., afford im¬ 
portant evidence as to previous inhabitants of a district, as in 
the familiar case of Keltic local names in England. Well- 
known geographical names, belonging to the actual language of 
some little^known tribe, are also interesting to philologists as 
easily remembered examples of their language and its structure : 
while the rapid extinction of many languages leaves local names 
as their principal relics. It is therefore desirable to draw up a 
full geographical list for each district, with the etymology of 
each name stated carefully when known. 
1. What words, such as hill, river, rock, wood, &c.. enter into 
the compOvsition of local names, corresponding to such English 
forms as Black-do^w, Sand-w^cA, Bex-/i(//P 
2. Are the names of rivers, mountains, villages, &c. mostly 
intelligible to the present inhabitants, and belonging to the 
language at present spoken in the district P 3. Do any words 
show old but still intelligible forms of the present language ? 
4. Are there local names not intelligible in or belonging to the 
