46 
with a large single bowl and two or more stems for various 
smokers (North America) ? 14. Are any other substances used 
as a substitute for tobacco P 15. Are any ceremonies connected 
«. 
with smoking ? 16. Is any substance smoked to increase the 
strength of men (North America) ? 17. Are tobacco, betel, or 
any other substance chewed ? 18. In betel-chewing, what are 
the ingredients mixed with the betel ? 19. What are the forms 
of the implements to contain betel, &c., and of the spoon, 
chopper, &c. employed in connexion with it ? 20. Are smok¬ 
ing, chewing, &c. carried on to excess or not ? and what is the 
effect on the health of the people ? 
No. XXVII.—CRIMES. By E. BRABROOK, Esq. 
Even the rudest communities have something approaching an 
unwritten criminal code. The administration of justice readily 
conforms itself to system, and unconsciously crime and punish¬ 
ment fall into relation with each other. Inquiry will be made 
under this head as to what acts are regarded as criminal (a) 
against person, (/3) against property, (y) against the state, (8) 
against religion; and the reasons why they are so regarded. 
The procedure in the administration of justice, and the punish¬ 
ments inflicted, will come under head XXXV. 
(a) 1. Homicide. Whether considered criminal at all ? 
under what circumstances excusable ? 2. Suicide. Whether 
considered criminal or praiseworthy ? 3. Maiming. 4. Rape. 
5. Abduction. 6. Seduction. 7. Abuse o f children. 8. Assault. 
9. Adidtery. Are all these offences which may be revenged by 
the party injured ? or must he appeal to the chief or others for 
redress ? or are they or any of them looked upon as mere 
venial offences ? 10. Unnatural offences. Does any sense 
of criminality attach to these ? Under each head of crime, in¬ 
quire as to the extent to which it prevails. 
(/3) 11. Arson. 12. Trespass. 13. Theft. 14. Fraud. 
Are these recognized as offences against the community, or only 
against the person injured ? 
(y) 15. The crimen Icesce majestatis , including treason, rebel¬ 
lion, and all offences against the chief of the state. Are his 
dignity and person protected by any special sanction ? 
(§) 16. Offences against the persons of priests or the ceremonies 
of religion. 17. Dissent from the prevailing religion. 18. Are 
either or both of these esteemed criminal P and in what degree P 
19. Does there exist a criminal class P 20. Does Thuggism pre¬ 
vail, or any organized system of crime ? if so, give statistics. 
