72 
No. XL.—MONEY.—EXCHANGEABLE VALUES. 
By HYDE CLARKE, Esq. 
Consequent on the development of trade (XXXIX.) articles 
assume a relative value, and measures of value are established, 
which ultimately take the shape of money. 
Exchangeable Value. —1. As the existence of such an idea is 
sometimes obscure and does not present itself on the surface, it 
is useful to apply the questions under XXXIX. What is the 
relative value of a man slave ? woman slave P wife or wed- 
ding dowry ? cattle ? weapons ? tools ? 
Measures of Value. —2. What measures of value result from 
the relative values between various articles of property as 
above ? 8. Is there any common representative of these recog¬ 
nized or which may be used within the tribe ? 4. Is there any 
common representative understood among various tribes ? 5. 
How is compensation attested for the murder of an individual, 
ransom, or the expenses of a war between tribes P 
Money. —6. Does any article esteemed to be of value pass 
from tribe to tribe, as beads, shells, &c. ? 7. Are there small 
and large measures of value, as beads (single or worked in belts), 
&c. ? 8. What is there in the shape of coins, metal, glass, 
leather &c. ? 9. Are tools or weapons recognized as mediums 
of exchange ? are they so employed before or after they are 
finished and hafted, or after they have been in use ? 10. Can 
the forms of any objects used as money be traced to those of 
tools, weapons, or other articles previously employed as mediums 
of exchange (as in China) ? 11. Are pigs or bars of metal 
employed as money ? and if so, what are their forms and value P 
12. Are cakes of salt or hides used as money ? 18. Are per¬ 
sonal ornaments of gold, silver, copper, iron, or other materials 
recognized as money ? 14. Any marks or stamps upon objects 
used for this purpose ? if so, give drawings of them. 15. Are 
any such marks copied from European or Asiatic coins ? 16. 
Any penalties for forging stamps &c. ? 17. Give both the local 
and foreign names for all objects used as money ? 
