77 
72. To what extent have the natives adopted civilized weapons 
and abandoned their own ? do they take readily to European 
weapons P 73. Careful drawings to scale of all the varieties of 
weapons are very desirable, with the native names for them. 
74 . Describe the horse-equipment used—hits, saddles, spurs, 
cloths, and horse-armour. 
Fortifications and Outposts. —75. Give plans and sections 
to scale of any defensive works. 76. Plans and sections of 
any pitfalls used for war. 77. Any knowledge of inunda¬ 
tions for defensive purposes? 78. Any stakes, palisades, 
stockades, abatis, or thorn-hedges for defence ? 79. Do they 
employ caltraps (small spikes of wood or metal fixed into the 
ground to wound the feet) ? 80. Do they ever build on raised 
piles for defence ? 81. Do they fortify the villages in which 
they usually reside ? or have they strong places in the neigh¬ 
bourhood to resort to in case of attack ? 82. Are their fortified 
posts arranged to support each other for the mutual defence of 
a large district, or constructed for isolated and independent 
defence ? 83. Do they occupy naturally defensive positions, 
such as hill-tops, promontories, &c. ? 84. Are their defensive 
posts selected with a due regard to water-supply ? are there 
cisterns ? 85. Do they take in stores for prolonged defence, and 
make a protracted resistance ? 86. Do they man the whole line 
of their entrenchments, or only defend the gateways ? 87. Give 
plans of any special defences for the gateways, drawbridges, &c. 
88. Any knowledge of second and third lines, keeps or ad¬ 
vanced works ? 89. Any arrangements for cross-fire, flanking 
defence, &c. ? 90. Are loop-holes used ? 91. When earth¬ 
works are employed, do they stand on or behind them ? 92. 
Do their entrenchments command the whole of the ground on 
the outside within range of their weapons, and have they a 
good command of view P 93. Do their entrenchments run in a 
straight line, or do they conform to the defensive line of the 
ground ? 94. Is the size of the fortress regulated by the 
numbers of its defenders, or solely by the features of the 
ground ? 95. Any knowledge of mines or fougasses ? 96. Do 
the defenders roll down large stones on the enemy ? and do they 
take in a store of them ? 97. Any knowledge of fire-balls, fire- 
arrows, boiling oil, &c. ? 98. How is the attack usually con¬ 
ducted ? 99. Do they sit down and invest the place ? 100. 
Any knowledge of escalading or breaching ? and how is a breach 
defended ? 101. Do they operate on the supplies of a fortified 
place? 102. Any lines of circumvallation or countervallation, 
saps, or breastworks against the place ? when stone walls are 
