112 
and other materials they use; of their tools, &c. 45. What 
are the usual adornments and appendages of the musical in¬ 
struments F 
Compositions — 46. On what order of intervals is the music of 
the people founded ? Is it the diatonic maj or scale (like c, d , 
< 0 , f 9 g, a , 5, c), or the diatonic minor scale (in which the third 
is flat, thus c 9 d , e flat,ffg, a , b, c) 9 or the pentatonic scale (in 
which the fourth and the seventh are omitted, thus c 9 d, e, g 9 a, 
c) 9 or some other order of intervals P 47. Is the seventh used 
sharp (c~b) or flat (c-bflat) P 48. Does the superfluous second 
occur in the scale ? (In the example c , d 9 e flat , f sharp , g, 
aflat , 5, c, the steps from the third to the fourth and from the 
sixth to the seventh are superfluous seconds.) 49. Does the 
music contain progressions in semitones or chromatic intervals ? 
50. Are there smaller intervals than semitones, such as J tones, 
J tones ? 51. Are there peculiar progressions in certain inter¬ 
vals which are of frequent occurrence in the tunes ? if so, 
what are they? 52. Do the tunes usually conclude in the 
tonic (the key-note, or the first interval of the scale) ? or if 
not, on what other interval ? 53. Do the tunes contain modu¬ 
lations from one key into another? if so, describe the usual 
modulations. 54. Are there certain rhythmical peculiarities 
predominant in the music ? if so, what are they ? 55. Is the 
time of the music generally common time, triple time, or irre¬ 
gular ? 56. Are there phrases or passages in the melodies 
which are of frequent reoccurrence ? 57. Have the airs of the 
songs reoccurrences of musical phrases which are traceable to 
the form of the poetry ? 58. Have the people musical com¬ 
positions which they regard as very old? and do these composi¬ 
tions exhibit the same characteristics which are found in the 
modern ones? 59. Are the compositions generally lively or 
grave ? 60. Describe the form of the various kinds of musical 
compositions. 
Performances .—61. Have the people musical bands (or or¬ 
chestras) ? 62. Which are the instruments generally used in 
combination ? 63. Which are the instruments commonly used 
singly ? 64. What is the number of performers in a properly 
constituted band ? 65. Is there a leader of the band ? How 
does he direct the performers ? 66. Does the band play in 
unison or in harmony ? 67. If vocal music is combined with 
instrumental music performed by the band, is the instrumental 
accompaniment in unison (or in octaves) with the voices, or has 
