120 
employed P and how are they obtained ? 18. Have they special 
artists to draw for the whole tribe, or does each man draw his 
own designs ? 19. Is there much difference in the degree of 
talent shown by men of the same tribe ? 20. Is drawing more 
practised in some tribes of the same race than others ? and if 
so, does this rise from inclination or traditional custom ? 21. 
Do they draw maps or plans P 22. Do they understand 
European maps ? 23. Have they any notion of drawing to 
scale ? 24. Do they improve much by practice ? 25. At what 
age do children commence drawing P are they encouraged to 
draw at an early age ? (A series of native drawings by children 
of different ages, from five or six upwards, would be interesting 
as a means of comparison with the development of artistic skill 
in Europeans.) 26. Have they any knowledge of shading ? 
with what colours are the shadows made ? and are they cor- 
rectly placed ? 
No. LXXIII.—ORNAMENTATION. 
By Col. A. LANE FOX. 
Nothing is more persistent than the various patterns of 
ornamentation in use by the different tribes and races of man¬ 
kind, and nearly all have some historical continuity by means 
of which they can be traced in their varieties to different 
nations. Nearly every uncivilized nation has a pattern of its 
own, or some two or three patterns, which are repeated con¬ 
tinually in all their ornamental designs with but slight varia¬ 
tion. These may be classed under three heads:—1st, incised lines 
and geometrical patterns ; 2ndly, coils and scrolls $ and 3rdly, 
conventionalized representations of animal and vegetable forms 
applied to ornamentation. Thus the ornamentation of Australia 
is confined chiefly to incised lines, punch-marks, and geometrical 
patterns, which also prevail over the greater part of the Poly- 
. nesian Islands. The continuous looped coil is much used in 
Assam and Cochin China, but is unknown in China, where it 
is replaced by lines of broken coils and frets ; and broken coil 
patterns constitute the prevailing feature in the ornamentation 
6f New Guinea and New Zealand. The continuous looped coil 
was the principal ornament of the bronze age in Scandinavia^ 
