DANAIN 7 E. 
13 
is turned inside out or the reverse. In E. midamus and E. amymone the hairs are bright yellow, 
in some of the Danaince light brown. The gland of the present sp. is figured on PI. 5a, Fig. 5, 
about twice the natural size. These appendages and the sacs on the wings seem to be used as 
attractions for the $. 
The great vitality of Euploea , and in less degree of Danais , is often demonstrated 
by their flying away after being severely pinched in the thorax and enclosed all day in 
a paper; and I have found the large black-and-yellow spider, so common here ( Epeira maculata 
of Donovan’s Insects of China) busily engaged in eating E. amymone , investigation showing that 
most of the underside of the abdomen and some of the thorax had been disposed of; yet even in this 
condition the butterfly on being released made off with a strong flight to the top of a large tree. 
But sometimes, the moment it is entangled, the spider seizes the butterfly with its front legs, 
steadying itself on the two middle pairs, and with the hinder pair working alternately draws a 
continuous stream of thick, sticky, yellow silk from its spinnerets, with which it wraps up the un¬ 
fortunate butterfly, crumpling it into a ball. This spider and the large green mantis, also very 
common here, seem to be almost the only enemies of these butterflies in the perfect state. The 
mantis is fond of lurking beneath the dense flowers of many shrubs and trees which attract hosts of 
insects. It generally bites off the wings of a butterfly, letting them fall to the ground, but sometimes 
eats legs, wings and all. 
The $ of E. amymone has a brand in the forewing. 
Fig. 2, PI. II is from a ? taken in December, Fig. 3 a $ of the same month, and Fig. 6 
a £ var. godarti, taken in November. This extreme form is not common. 
Egg, like that of E. midamus , and laid singly on the foodplants of the larva, Toxocarpus 
wightianus; Ficus variolosa , Lindl., a banyan native to S. China and Malaya, Nat. Ord. Urticece; 
on the introduced shrub Oleander, and occasionally on a sp. of Allamanda, and on Asclepias 
curassavica , the two former plants Nat. Ord. Apocynacece. The egg is laid usually on the 
underside, sometimes upperside of the leaves, or on bracts or shoots. The larvae generally rest on 
the underside of the leaves. 
Larva, figured on PI. ia, Fig. 1, pupa Fig. 2. Just hatched, the larva is of a plain 
shiny yellow, the tentacles just showing as black points. The pupa is at first of a bright waxy 
yellow, afterwards brilliantly silvered, indicated in the figure by blue. 
Euploea (Pademma) crassa, Butler. 
Either an accidental visitor or very scarce, but easily confused on the wing with the former 
sp., though the wings of crassa are broader and the outer margins fuller, whilst neither sex has 
any blue flush. It is a common Burmese and Siamese sp. 
Fig. 8, PI. XIII is from a $ taken at Penang in May, kindly sent by Professor Poulton, as I 
had unfortunately sent home my specimens without figuring them. They were taken at Macao 
in November, flying in company with the two common sp. of Euploea. The sexes are similar, 
but the $ has a broad, short brand in the forewing, and the inner margin thereof is very deep. 
* 
