12 
DANAIN7E. 
The $ is certainly conspicuous from the white bordering the neuration of the hindwings, but the £ is 
also striking even when flying, as it often does, with the two common Euploeince here, from its very 
brilliant blue patch and differently shaped wings. It appears to keep more strictly to shady and 
wooded localities than the two common sp., but like them it is very fond of the exudations of 
Heliotropium indicum , Linn., when in seed, even when the plant has been cut and lies withered 
on the ground. This is a common weed throughout the tropics. 
Fig 4, PI. H is from a $ taken in June, Fig. 5 from a $ of the same month. 
Larva, figured on PI. ia, Fig. 4. 
Pupa, in shape very like that of E. amymone , at first of a shiny pale reddish-yellow, with 
broad pale purple-brown markings on the back. Later, silver-gilt with pale brownish markings. 
Attached by the tip of abdomen only. 
The larva feeds on Toxocarpus wightianns , H. & A., a twiner not known out of China 
Nat. Ord. Asclepiadece. 
Euploea (Crastia) amymone, Godart. 
This insect has been known under various synonyms— E. core, Cram., E. frauenfeldii 
var. lorquinii , Felder, C. kinbergi, Aurivillius, and the extreme var. with the apical pale lilac 
patch in the forewing as E. godarti, Lucas. They appear, however, to be all referable to amymone , 
in spite of the great individual variation. The var. godarti I have bred from eggs laid by the 
usual form of amymone , and if a sufficient number is available it is easy to arrange a series 
graduating from typical amymone to godarti , the inner row of apical white or lilac spots, which 
tend to disappear in some specimens, developing in others till they assume the form godarti. 
The Euploeince, seem to be a specially protected, very prolific group, well adapted to 
take advantage of every opening to increase the race and extend their range; and this would tend to 
produce varieties. Some of the extreme varieties will no doubt—through the failure of intermediate 
forms not so well fitted to cope with the dangers incident to butterfly life, or dying out from many 
other and perhaps more quickly-acting causes—become in the future very distinct species. 
As in E. midamus, the marginal white spots in the hindwing are very variable in both 
sexes, sometimes large and showy, in others almost or quite obsolete. Of a batch of twenty bred 
from the eggs of one $—the resulting imagines happening to belong equally to either sex—about 
half of each sex had very distinct white spots, whilst the rest hardly showed traces. This butterfly 
is even more common than E. midamus , but it has the same habits and is found in company 
with it, and is on the wing throughout the year. The anal scent-glands, common to Danais and 
Euploea in the <£, are just above the armature and during coition are withdrawn into the abdomen. 
They consist of two rather long, pliable, hollow processes, connected at the base, capable of being 
extruded or withdrawn at pleasure by the insect. In their normal position within the abdomen they 
are lined inside with delicate hairs, which appear on the outside as the gland is put forth and unrolls; 
on the withdrawal of the gland the tip rolls inwards and the hairs disappear, as the finger of a glove 
