i. FAM- NYMPHALID^E, 
SUB. FAM. DANAINvE (LIMNIIN^E). 
I. GENUS DANAIS (CADUGA, TIRUMALA, PARANTICA, RADENA, SALATURA, ANOSIA, LIMNAS). 
2. GENUS EUPLCEA (ISAMIA, TERPSICHROIS, CRASTIA, PADEMMA). 
The Danaince are a wide-ranging group, essentially tropical, but represented in all the 
warmer parts of the world. They have been split up into numerous sub-genera, but as only a few 
species are here dealt with, it is convenient to include them all in Danais ; the sub-genera are, 
however, given in brackets. The males usually have a peculiar finely-haired anal scent-gland, as 
well as scent-sacs on the hindwings. 
Danais (Caduga) sita, Koilar. 
Perhaps more generally known as tytia , Gray, but sita is the older name. An 
uncommon sp. here, and seems to occur chiefly in the early part of the year, preferring wooded 
localities and gardens, where it sails up and down with a rather strong flight, often high up about 
the tops of trees. Like most of the Danaince it is fond of certain flowers, chiefly flowering shrubs 
and trees. Fig. i, PI. i is from a taken in March. The $ is similar, but without the scent- 
sac at the anal angle of the hindwing. 
According to de Niceville and Mackinnon (The Butterflies of Mussoorie) the eggs are 
white, longitudinally ribbed, about three times as long as broad, laid singly on young leaves of 
Marsdema Roy lei , Wight, Nat. Ord. Asclepiadece , the foodplant of the larva. In the full- 
grown larva the ground colour is of a pale yellowish green, with two rows of dorsal and a row 
each side of lateral yellow spots; head black with grey spots on the face; legs black ; two tentacles 
or processes on the third segment and two on the twelfth seg. Pupa, pale emerald green, with 
golden-yellow spots. 
Two sp. of Marsdenia occur in Hongkong, but apparently not the one above 
referred to. 
I cannot discover if the Chinese use larvae of butterflies in medicine, but when out with 
the net, if the villagers do not consider one simply mad, they sometimes ask if the butterflies are 
to be used for medicine. The nastier a dose tastes the more efficacious a native seems to think it, 
and larvae feeding on very rank plants no doubt extract some of their virtues and should have a 
more powerful effect than the decoction of moulted skins of Cicadce or Scissorgrinders, which is 
used by Chinese doctors to dose their patients in certain disorders. 
