100 
pierin^e. 
Fig. 2, PI. X is from a $ taken in November ; Fig. 6, PI. XI from a $ of the same 
month, but the insect is on the wing practically throughout the year, though much more abundant 
in the wet season. The wet and dry forms vary but little, the sub-apical red streaks on the upperside 
of the forewing of the ? being rather broader and larger than in the dry form ; the black or dark 
brown gaining slightly in the wet form. The underside of both sexes is usually more heavily 
marked in the wet form, which is also often larger than the dry. 
Egg, stout, spindle or rather bottle-shaped, smooth, but slightly moulded longitu¬ 
dinally, yellowish-white ; laid singly on the upperside of leaves of the foodplant of the larva, 
Capparis pumila. 
Larva, figured on PI. 3a, Fig. 15, pupa Fig. 16. When irritated or alarmed the larva 
draws in its legs and elevates its head and forepart of the body, its laterally swollen anterior 
segments and small head giving it a somewhat cobra-like aspect, and it appears to be meant as 
a threatening attitude. 
Just hatched, the larva is dull yellow, with short and sparse white hairs. 
Catopsilia pyranthe, Linn . 
Also known as C. chryset's, Drury, and C. gnoma> Fabr., being the wet and dry forms 
respectively. Certainly the commonest butterfly here of this interesting genus, and very abundant, 
occurring throughout the year. In some countries the wet and dry forms of C. pyranthe seem to 
occur together at any time of the year, but here the wet and dry forms correspond very closely 
with the respective seasons, though overlapping is of course frequent at the change of seasons. 
The t is almost pure white on the upperside, with a very slight black edging of the forewing ; but 
in any case the £ is easily distinguished, as it has a tuft of fine hairs on the underside of the 
forewing, on the inner margin near the base : usually concealed by the hindwing, but sometimes 
erected and spread in a fringe on the upperside of the margin of the forewing. 
The flight of this insect is strong, devious and very swift; it occurs everywhere over 
open ground and gardens, and is fond of most flowers, but dashes quickly from one to another, 
spending but a few moments at each blossom. It is much addicted to settling or hiding on the 
underside of leaves, having a predilection for withered or yellow bunches. 
Fig. 9, PI. VII is from a $ taken in May, or wet form ; Fig. 5, PI. XI from a £ of 
November or dry form ; Fig. 9, PI. XIII is from a $ of May, or wet form. The upperside does 
not vary much in either sex throughout, the $ always having more black or rather deep brown 
markings ; but the $ often has no marginal edging at all on the hindwing, and very slight on the 
forewing. There is, however, much variation in size, especially in the females. 
Egg, spindle-shaped, smooth but very slightly moulded longitudinally, white ; laid 
singly, both on the upper and underside of the leaves and on the twigs and stems of the foodplant 
of the larva, Cassia occidentalism Linn., Nat. Ord. Leguminosce , a very common plant here, 
especially in the vicinity of villages, and found over most of the warmer countries of the globe. 
The larvae may be found on this plant in every stage at almost any time of the year. They rest on 
