PIERINiE. 
IOI 
the upperside of the leaves, are most voracious, and very soon entirely strip many of the plants. 
They vary much in the breadth of the lateral black band, which in some individuals is very 
broad, in others made up of almost isolated black tuberculous spots. These variations in the larva 
do not appear to affect the resulting butterfly. 
The larva is figured on PI. 3a, Fig. 21, pupa Fig. 22. The larvae seem to be very 
subject to the attacks of wasps, which carry them off to feed their young ; and ants, which haunt 
the Cassia plants in numbers, destroy many eggs and probably young larvae. 
During the wet season the immature stages of C. pyranthe , from the newly-laid egg to 
the freshly-emerged imago, are sometimes rapidly run through in twenty days, of which I have 
had several examples during May, the eggs being laid early on the morning of the 5th, the 
butterflies emerging very early in the morning of the 25th. The abundance of this insect is 
therefore not surprising. 
Catopsilia pomona, Fabr. 
The two widely-differing butterflies of this species were long known as C. catilla , 
Cram., and C. crocale , Cram., but they have been proved to be merely dimorphic females of 
C. pomona , Fabr. The $ seems to be much more numerous here than the ?, and is common 
during the wet season from about June to October inclusive. It is most abundant in the autumn, 
and has an exceedingly swift and wild flight, hardly lingering a moment at flowers, though it is 
fond of them, especially Lantana. It wanders all over the country, but seems to have a preference 
for districts fairly wooded, and broken, jungly ground. The $ has a tuft of erectile hairs on the 
forewing, as in C. pyranthe. 
The form of ? shown at Fig. 19, PI. IX is rare, but I have taken it every month from 
May to the beginning of December, but only once in the latter month ; those taken earlier in the 
year often incline more to sulphur yellow on the upperside : autumn specimens are usually of a 
darker yellow, inclining to orange. 
The other form of $ shown at Fig. 20, PI. IX, upperside only, (the underside resembles 
that of the $ at Fig. 18 of the same plate) is much commoner, and varies in the extent of black 
marking on the upperside of the forewing. In both sexes there is a good deal of variation in size, 
but the £ is very constant in colour and marking. 
Fig. 18, PI. IX is from a $ taken in October ; Fig. 19 a? taken in July ; Fig. 20 a $ 
(the common form) of October ; on PI. 5a will be found a curious aberration of ?, taken in 
September, 1905. 
According to Horsfield the larva feeds on several species of Cassia, and three or four 
kinds grow here, especially on the outskirts of villages. The larva seems to closely resemble that 
of C . pyranthe. 
On the whole it may be said that whilst C. pyranthe occurs commonly throughout the 
year, C. potnona is a butterfly which is only on the wing in the wet season, and is most numerous 
from June to October inclusive but often appearing intermittently—for two or three days being 
seen in large numbers, after which for some weeks but few specimens will be observed. 
