io8 
PAPILIONINAL 
it becomes yellowish. A white lateral line each side just above the prolegs. A small brown ocellus 
on each side of the fourth segment. The same description applies to the fullgrown larva, but it is 
slightly irrorated with yellow in places on the body. Head green. It feeds on Xanthoxylum 
nitidum , D.C., Nat. Ord. Rutacecz , a very prickly woody climber, or half-climbing shrub, not 
known out of S. China, but very common in this district. 
Pupa, sub-angular, general colour bright green, the dorsal and wing ridges light yellow. 
Head cleft very obtusely, forming two projections. Two very small black tubercles close together 
on the underside of the head. It somewhat resembles the pupa of P. antiphates . Attached by 
the tip of the abdomen, with a girdle round the middle. 
Papilio bianor, Cram. 
Not so common as the former species, but with much the same habits, though it has a 
rather slower flight and stays more frequently to feed at flowers. It varies greatly in dimensions, 
from 2,2 to inches over the forewings, but four inches is about the average. The sexes are very 
similar, but the $ has the median interspaces on the upperside of the forewing coated with dense 
hair-like scales, resembling dark brown fur. 
Fig. 2, PI. XII is the upperside of a $ taken in June ; the underside of the hindwing is 
similar to the upperside, but the lunules in the margin are much more distinct, and are all bright 
ferruginous centred with light purple or pink. The ground colour is dark sooty brown, irrorated 
towards the base and disc, cell with pale ochreous, much like the underside of the hindwing of 
P. paris , and the underside of the forewing also resembles that of the latter species; in fact the 
forewings of all the species of this group are almost identical on the under surface as regards 
colouration. 
The egg is like that of P. paris . 
Papilio memnon, Linn. 
A common butterfly here, remarkable for the $ possessing two very distinct forms of ?, 
one with a plain hindwing, the other ornamented with a large “ tail.” The $ is fond of shade, 
especially roads beneath trees and the paths through woods, where it often takes up a regular “ beat” 
for a day or two, sailing along with a strong but not particularly rapid flight. The first form $, 
distinguished as P. agenor , Linn., is common and probably exceeds any other butterfly here in the 
average breadth over the forewings ; the second form $ with the tailed hindwings, known as P. 
phoenix , Distant, is decidedly uncommon. 
Fig. 5, PI. X is the upperside of a ?, form phoenix , taken in November ; the underside 
is very similar to the upper surface. Fig. 6, PI. X is the upperside of a ?, form agenor , taken in 
September ; both upper and undersides are much alike; there is much variation in the extent of 
white or pale ochreous in the median interspaces of the hindwing, some individuals having much 
more white, others much less, than the specimen figured. Some females of this form ( agenor ) 
measure very nearly six inches over the expanded forewings. Fig. 9, PI. X is the underside of a £ 
