I 10 
PAPILIONIN^E. 
Fig. 3, PI. XII is from a £ taken in November. 
Egg, globular, smooth, yellowish. 
Larva, in its earlier stages very like that of P. polytes , having two rows of small dorsal 
processes, the two pairs on the last segments being white, the rest yellowish-brown, the pair on the 
second seg. longer than the others. Fullgrown larva figured on PI. 4a, Fig. 7, the young stage 
shown beneath. The fullgrown larva is hardly distinguishable from large individuals of P. polytes. 
The pupa is shown at Fig. 9, PI. 4a, and is either green with a bright yellow-green lozenge-shaped 
dorsal patch, or various shades of brown. The larva feeds on Xanthoxyhim nitidum and on 
orange, etc., but chiefly on the former plant. The nuchal horn of the larva is vinous red. 
Papilio polytes, Linn. 
Like P. memnon this insect possesses two forms of that almost identical in marking 
and colouring with the $ having been named P. pammon y and the other form P. polytes by 
Linnaeus. It is, perhaps, the commonest Papilio here, exceedingly numerous all through the wet 
season, and occurring every month, though scarce in January. The form of ? resembling the $ is 
the common one here, the other form of $ being rather scarce by comparison. All the members 
of this “ black ” group of Papilionince , as we may perhaps term the butterflies belonging to this 
Family so far described, are continually diving into thick foliage and jungle, threading their way 
through the tangle of branches, creepers and thorny bushes with great dexterity, yet one may often 
hear the wings strike a twig or leaf, and probably much of the ragged and tattered condition of 
many individuals is due to this cause. Some of them, especially P. polytes , also visit the large 
scarlet flowers of Bombax ceiba and other large trees, where their hindwings and abdomen become 
covered with bright yellow or red pollen, so that sometimes one is deceived for a moment, thinking 
that a species new to the district has occurred ! 
Fig. 4, PI. XII is from a $ taken in October, upperside only, form polytes. The 
underside is very similar to the upper surface. Fig. 5 is from a ? taken in May, form pammon , 
The £ is almost identical with Fig. 5. 
Egg, globular, smooth, yellowish, laid singly on the upperside of leaves and stems, usually 
the very young leaves and shoots, as in the case of other Papilionince. Although the eggs are 
laid singly, yet when young, tender shoots are scarce several eggs may be seen laid close together. 
The larva when very young is of a shiny yellow-brown, smeared with large patches of white, and 
emits a strong and disagreeable odour, especially when disturbed. It bears a strong resemblance 
at this stage to the excrement of a small bird, and like other larvae of this Family almost invariably 
rests on the upperside of the leaves. A little later the anterior segments become marbled with 
white, dark yellow and very dark brown. Fullgrown, general colour green. The larvae of this 
butterfly and P. helenus are hardly distinguishable at any stage, and the pupae are also very much 
alike. Both are sometimes green, sometimes brown in general colouring, and both vary in the 
angle to which the pupa is bent; some having the upper part turned almost at a right-angle to the 
abdomen, others having a comparatively slight inclination, and they also vary as to the depth of 
cleft of the head. 
