HESPERIID.®. 
Fig. 2, PI. Va is from a $ taken in June. In the $ the oblique whitish streak or brand 
in the forewing of the $ is replaced by two spots, the uppermost very small and often wanting 
altogether ; otherwise the sexes are alike. The chief external difference between P. sinensis and 
P. mathias is that in the former species the spots on the underside of the hindwing are large, 
sub-circular and distinctly white ; on the upperside they are more or less distinct in both $ and $, 
and of a pale ochreous. The genitalia of these two species are quite distinct. 
Parnara bromus, Leech 
Figs. 2 and 2a, PI. Vila, £ and genitalia. Upperside dark olive brown. Forewings 
with ten hyaline ochreous spots, but often the very small spot (shown in the figure) just above the 
spot against the sub-median nervure is wanting. Underside similar to upper surface, but paler. 
Hindwings immaculate on the upperside, sometimes also on the underside, but usually with one or 
two small pale ochreous spots in the median interspaces. Both sexes alike, but the $ is generally 
the larger. Expanse 1.5—1.75. 
This Skipper is not uncommon here throughout the wet season, chiefly frequenting the 
neighbourhood of the foodplant of the larva, a large reed often growing in the hedges of Chinese 
gardens or alongside paths, which attains ten or twelve feet in height, with a thick stem. P. bromus 
seems to be chiefly crepuscular, and the $ lays her eggs in the evening on leaves of Phragmites 
Roxburghiiy Kunth, Nat. Ord. Graminece> the foodplant of the larva, a reed common to all the 
warmer parts of Asia. 
Egg, sub-conical, smooth, greenish at first: afterwards ochreous. Laid singly on leaves 
of the reed. 
Larva, just hatched, white with a large black head. Fullgrown, fusiform, general colour 
light yellow-green, finely irrorated with dusky or dark green. One dorsal and two lateral indistinct 
bands each side of darker greenish. Posterior segment flattened, whitish. Underside glaucous 
green. Head dull ochreous, sometimes marked rather distinctly down the centre and each side of 
the face with brownish. 
Pupa, smooth, produced into a beak at the head, the tip of the abdomen beaked and 
flattened. General colour light hyaline green, whitish towards each end, and with two indistinct 
dorsal whitish lines. Attached by the tip of the abdomen and a band round the middle. The pupa 
is placed in the hollow of a leaf of the reed, caught up with a stitch of silk at each end of the pupa, 
which is not hidden from view. It is usually slightly dusted with a whitish powder. The larva 
does not twist up a leaf helically, but draws the edges together with silk to form a shelter. 
Parnara colaca, Moore 
Fig. 27, PI. XIV, From a single specimen identified by Mr. H. H. Druce as P. colaca . 
It agrees both with the figure and description of P. thy one , Leech; which Leech says is allied to 
P. colaca and P. beavaniy Moore. The specimen was taken at Hongkong. 
