132 
HESPERIIDAI. 
Figs. 3 and 3a, PI. Vita, £ and genitalia. Upperside dark olive brown. Seven to ten 
hyaline ochreous spots on the forewing: seven are shown in the figure. The extra spots are very 
small and occur as follows:—One or two in the outer end of the disc, cell; one just above the spot 
against the sub-median nervure. Of these three spots any or all may be present or wanting. 
Underside similar to upperside, but paler; a series of two to five small irregularly placed ochreous- 
white spots on the underside of the hindwing, but some (occasionally all) of these spots may be 
wanting. Upperside of hindwing generally immaculate, but sometimes one or two spots show 
faintly. Sexes alike. Expanse 1.25—1.5. Those specimens with seven spots in the forewing 
agree with Moore’s description of P. colaca. 
This Skipper is fairly common here, and on the wing the greater part of the year. The 
$ appears to be commoner than the $. It flies all day and seems to like hot sunshine, frequenting 
hedgerows, scrub and long grass and is fond of flowers. 
Egg, sub-conical, smooth, greenish-white, laid singly on blades of grass of several coarse 
species, the foodplants of the larva, which draws the edges of a blade together with silk to form a 
shelter. 
Larva, just hatched, white with a black head. Fullgrown, fusiform, general colour very 
pale whitish-green ; one rather broad dorsal band of darker colour bordered each side by a whitish 
line ; one lateral whitish line each side, about midway between the dorsal band and the underside. 
Underside, legs and prolegs greenish. Head pale grayish-green, with a broad triangulate darker 
patch down the middle of the face, the apex near the top of the head; a blackish line down each 
side of the face. 
Pupa, smooth, the head produced into a beak ; of a hyaline green, sometimes rather 
bright, with a dorsal band and lateral whitish lines along the abdomen, as in the larva. Attached by 
the tip of the abdomen with a girdle round the middle. The blade of grass in which the larva 
pupates is caught up with a stitch of silk before and behind the pupa, but the latter is not entirely 
concealed. 
Figs. 4 and 4a, PI. Vila, J 1 and genitalia. Upperside dark olive brown. Five to six 
hyaline ochreous spots on the forewing, the extra spot being the uppermost of the three sub-apical 
spots shown in the figure, but it is very often absent. There are no spots in the sub-median 
interspace. From one to four pale ochreous-white spots (usually three) are as a rule distinct 
on the upperside of the hindwing, but occasionally they are practically obsolete. Underside 
the same, the spots usually whitish. Sexes alike. Expanse 1.25—1.5. Those specimens with 
five spots in the forewing agree with Leech’s figure of P. colaca in his “Butterflies from China, 
Japan and Corea.” Habits like the preceding Skipper, but it is much more common. 
I must admit being unable to unravel the tangle that exists between P. colaca , 
P. thy one and P. beavani and their near allies. In the hope of arriving at some definite 
conclusion Mr. F. Muir and I examined the genitalia of a great number of the species figured 
at Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 on PI. Vila, and we find a distinct and constant difference exists in the 
