APPENDIX. 
153 
Papilio paris. 
The larva of this Papilio has already been noted as feeding on Xanthoxylum niiidum , 
but its chief foodplant is X Avicennce , D.C.; an erect but weak or flexuose shrub, usually very 
prickly on both stems and branches, but in this respect there is much variation individually, 
probably due to the fact that some few specimens partially escape periodic chopping by the firewood 
gatherers. 
The osmeterium or nuchal horn of the larva of P. paris is orange yellow. 
Parnara guttatus. 
Pupa, smooth, head rounded, not beaked ; general colour very pale yellowish. Fixed by 
the abdomen-tip only, in a twisted-up leaf, the interior lined with a rather strong silk film, forming 
practically a cocoon. Slightly dusted with white flocculent matter. 
Padraona dara. 
Pupa, smooth, abdomen yellowish or ochreous, thorax greenish, with two small brownish 
dorso-lateral protuberances or warts, one each side near the eye; probably they are spiracle 
coverings. On the top of the head is a small black chitinous process, resembling the “ cocoon 
cutters ” found in many Lepidopterous pupae. Attached by the abdomen-tip only inside a leaf- 
tube, and slightly powdered with white substance. This Hesperid, like the majority of butterflies 
here, has broods in both wet and dry seasons ; the wet broods completing their metamorphosis in 
4-5 weeks : the egg and pupal stages being very brief. The following data for Padraona dara 
are closely approximated by many other butterflies as to the duration of the various stages in the 
dry season :—Eggs laid 13-10-06, hatched 19-10-06. Larvae pupated 8-1-07, Imagines emerged 
12-2-07 and following day. Thus from egg to imago took roughly 18 weeks, the larval stage 
occupying 81 days, the pupal stage 35 days. 
Glandular hairs. 
On p. 98, the larva of Terias hecabe is described as having hairs on the tips of which 
are minute globules of liquid. These hairs are, most probably, glandular hairs, i.e., hollow, the 
liquid which appears at the tips being secreted by glands at the base. 
