Forewing. 
i—Costal nervure. 2—Sub-costal nervure. 3—Sub-costal nervules. 4-—Discoidal 
nervules. 5—Median nervules. 6—Sub-median nervure. 7 — Median nervure. 8—Internal 
nervure, not present in many butterflies in the forewing. 10—Interno-median nervule, also 
wanting in many butterflies, n—Disco-cellular nervules, in some butterflies very slender, or 
almost obsolete. 
Hindwing. 
As in forewing, but 9 is the prae-costal nervure. Generally present, but in some 
butterflies very slender, or almost wanting. 
Fig. 2. 
Wings of Clerome eumens. 
As in Fig. I, but 8 is the internal nervure of the hindwing, present in the majority of 
butterflies, but wanting in Papilio. In many butterflies the discoidal cell of the hindwing, as 
shown in Fig. 2, is open : in some the cell of the forewing is also open, but in the majority both 
cells are closed, though often but slenderly, by disco-cellular nervules. 
Fig. 3. 
Mid-leg of a Papilio. 
A-Coxa. B —Femur. C—Tibia. D—Tarsus. E —Ungues or claws. 
Fig. 4. 
A—Thorax. B —Abdomen. C—Head. D—Palpus. E—Antenna. F—Proboscis. 
G—Fore-leg. H—Mid-leg. I—Hind-leg. 
Figs. 1 and 2 are natural size ; Figs. 3 and 4 are much enlarged and diagrammatic. 
The sign = male. 
,, $= female. 
Larva. 
There are (according to some authorities) thirteen segments in a larva, the head being 
included as the first seg. Two spiracles (one each side) in each seg. except the first, third, fourth 
and last or thirteenth seg. Six true legs on the anterior segs., and in butterfly larvae eight prolegs 
on the mid-segs., with a pair of claspers on the last seg. The larva of Euplcea midamus , Fig. 3, 
PI. la, shows plainly the number of segments and spiracles. The last or anal segment of larvae is 
so much altered and modified for special purposes that it is very difficult to ascertain the true 
number of segments in a lepidopterous larva. Some authorities say there are thirteen segments 
exclusive of the head, which says Sharp, should not be reckoned as a segment, as it is composed of 
several pieces. In “ Butterflies of Hongkong ” I have reckoned thirteen segments, including the 
head as the first segment. 
