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9- Bizygomatic Breadth of Face is the maximum breadth 
of the face between the bony arches which extend from the 
cheek bones to the tragus of the ears. The points of greatest 
breadth are best found with the forefinger of each hand in 
the first instance, and the points of the instrument are 
then placed on them. 
This diameter, compared with the length of the face from 
the nasion, z>., root of the nose, to the chin, taken by direct 
measurement from the one point to the other, forms a useful 
index, the formula of which is :— 
Bizygomatic Breadth X ioo 
“ iNasio-mental length-= facial index ' 
i o. Length of Upper Limb. —Thi s is measured with the arms 
straightened and hanging vertically at the sides of the body. 
The right arm should be selected for measurement unless 
both arms are measured. The point of the sliding arm of 
the instrument is applied to the depression which is found 
immediately below the bony prominence forming the tip of 
the shoulder, the acromion, between it and the head of the 
humerus or arm bone ; the other arm of the instrument is 
drawn downwards till it reaches the extreme end of the 
middle finger. While making the measurement the instru¬ 
ment must be held parallel to the axis of the limb ; to do this 
its lower arm must be moved horizontally till it projects 
the requisite distance beyond the other, as in taking the 
projections of the head. 
11. Length of Cubit .—The forearm is fully flexed upon 
the upper arm till the tip of the elbow is the most prominent 
point, the thumb being uppermost. The instrument is then 
placed along the outer edge of the forearm and the little 
finger side of the hand, the point of the elbow resting 
against the fixed arm of the instrument, while its other 
arm (which has been previously drawn along the stem) 
is moved onwards till it touches the end of the middle 
finger. 
12. Length of Hand. —With the forefinger and thumb find 
the extremities or styloid processes of the bones of the fore¬ 
arm situated on the thumb and little finger sides of the 
