25 
subject’s wrist, round which place a small cord an old it 
firmly so that it may depress the skin at these points, to 
show the line of the wrist. The length of the hand is 
measured from the centre of this line on the back of the 
wrist to the tip of the middle finger. 
These three measurements enable the length of the three 
segments of the upper limb to be determined and compared. 
13. Length of Foot. —Measured while the footrests on a 
fiat surface by placing the stem of the instrument along and 
touching the inner side of the heel and ball of the great toe, 
and the fixed arm against the back of the heel, the sliding 
arm being moved forwards till it touches the end of the 
longest toe, which is either the great or the second toe. 
In taking the three following heights, the measuring rod 
is used as described in the Section on Instruments, p. 10. 
14. Sitting Height. —The subject should be seated low (see 
p. 10). Care must be taken to see that the body is held 
perfectly erect, the head in the same position as when 
measuring its projections, and the legs should be close 
together, and at right-angles to the thighs. The measure¬ 
ment is taken between the vertex and the plane of the 
tuberosities of the ischia, or bony prominences of the buttock 
on which the body rests when in a sitting position. 
15. Kneeling Height. —The subject kneels down, holding 
his body erect and his head straight. The legs should be 
close together, and the point of the toes as nearly as 
possible on the same plane as the knee. Should the subject 
object to kneel properly, the height of the lower edge of the 
patella, or knee-cap, from the ground may be taken instead 
before measuring 19. 
16. Standing Height. —This should always be measured 
without shoes, when possible. Should the subject object to 
take off his shoes, he may be measured with them on, and 
the thickness of the heel deducted. 
17. Height to Chin is measured from the ground to the 
under surface of the lower jaw, the point at which the pro¬ 
jection of the head to the chin ceased. While making this 
