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3 - Deformities of the face, &c., such as supernumerary 
auricles, hare-lip, cleft palate, cleft tongue, cleft cheek 
<(macrostoma), abnormally small mouth (microstoma), and 
.any peculiarities of the teeth. 
4. Deformities of the extremities, e.g, supernumerary 
fingers or toes, webbed fingers, imperfect development, or 
absence of one of the bones of the forearm, hypertrophy of 
the limbs, club hand, club foot. 
5. Deformities of the genitals, eg, abnormal length of the 
labia, imperforate hymen, undescended testicles, cleft penis, 
epispadias or hypospadias, cleft scrotum with the testicles in 
what appear to be labia, absence of the anterior wall of the 
bladder, extroverted bladder. 
6. Does excessive development of fat about the haunches, 
buttocks, steatopyga , or labia occur ? Can any causes, 
artificial or otherwise, be assigned for the occurrence ? 
7. Note any deformities or malformations which may 
occur in the region of the umbilicus, and state how the cord 
is treated at birth. 
8. Are any of the above deformities more common than 
usual, or any one of them frequently met with ? Are there 
any of hereditary nature ? How are they regarded and 
treated ? 
J. B. Revised by J. W. B. H. 
No. V.—DEFORMATIONS. 
(.Artificial Deformities.) 
The practice of artificially producing deformities in the 
human subject appears to have existed from the most remote 
times of which we have any record, and to have prevailed at 
one time or another in all parts of the world. In the investi¬ 
gation, therefore, of the ethnographical characters of a 
people, considerable interest attaches to observations re¬ 
specting artificial “ deformations,” as the practice in question 
has been termed ; for it is very possible that important 
information may thence be derived with regard to the 
