65 
stone. Incisions and other mutilations are practised so as to 
alter the shape of the nose. 
13. The cheeks are sometimes perforated, the holes being 
occupied by articles of wood, bone, or metal. 
14. In Africa, more especially, great pains are taken to pro¬ 
duce hideous deformity of the lips, either upper or lower or 
both, by perforating them and wearing ornaments in the 
holes, sometimes of very great size. 
15. In a similar manner the ears are perforated and made 
to support enormous weights, by which they become mon¬ 
strously elongated and hypertrophied. 
16. In many parts, more particularly of Africa, it is a 
common practice to produce large raised scars on the forehead, 
cheeks, nose, or chin, forming patterns peculiar to different 
tribes. The form and mode of making these scars should be 
noticed, and whether they are regarded as race, or family, or 
rank characters, &c. 
C. Dental Deformations . 
17. The custom of deforming the teeth is practised in several 
parts of the world ; and as different modes of doing it 
prevail amongst different tribes, the characters afforded in 
this way will probably be found of considerable ethnogra¬ 
phical importance. 
The practice appears in general to be limited to the front or 
incisor teeth, and consists either in extracting, or, more 
usually perhaps, in breaking off one or more of them, or of 
filing them thin or to single sharp points or in serrate fashion. 
The reasons for this practice, if any are assigned, should be 
ascertained, and, as in other cases, whether it is exercised 
upon one or both sexes, or is distinctive or not of rank, &c. 
D. Deformation of the Trunk and Limbs. 
The principal deformations to be noticed under this head 
are:— 
F 
