93 
23. Do they vary with the social or family rank of the 
individual? 24. Are they in any way hereditary? 25. Is 
the tattooing symmetrical ? 26. With what part of the body 
does it commence ? 27. Is the design executed on some pre¬ 
conceived plan ? and is any drawing of it prepared before¬ 
hand ? 28. Is more than one colour employed ? [It would be 
very desirable to obtain drawings of a few characteristic 
designs with native explanations of their meaning.] 
Cicatrices .—29. Is the body ornamented in any way with 
raised cicatrices ? 30. How are they made ? and what are the 
substances rubbed into them ? 31. Do they vary according to 
the tribe or rank of the individual ? 32. Is the operation 
attended with much pain or disturbance to the general 
health ? 33. At what age are they made ? 
[In the answers to this and the two preceding sections, it 
would be particularly desirable to obtain photographs or 
drawings.] 
A. W. F. 
The following examples have been selected as suggesting 
points for inquiry. 
In India lines are painted on either side the mouth of 
native women. In Fiji their only tattoo-marks are at the 
corners of the mouth ; and in Easter Island, in the South 
Pacific, the fleshy parts of their lips used to be tattooed. This 
is distinctive of marriage amongst the Ainos, where the 
custom still prevails. 
In Birmah and Laos, as well as Samoa and Easter Island,, 
it was the practice a short time ago to tattoo the body from 
the navel to the knee. The marks may be often concealed by 
the dress, as in the case of the king of Birmah (Crawford). 
It is desirable, therefore, that travellers should inquire when 
amongst semicivilized peoples whether they have tattoo-marks 
beneath their robes, more especially in Arabia and Northern 
and North-western Asia, where it is. known that the custom 
of tattooing once prevailed. 
The following are some further particulars regarding which 
information is required. 
