112 
and wells exist, in what manner is water raised ? n. What 
form of bellows is in use? (No. XIV.) 12. Are any water¬ 
wheels or other hydraulic machines known ? if so, for what 
purposes are they applied, and in what manner? 13. Is any 
form of windmill known? 14. Is the drill known? 15. 
What system is employed ? the bow drill, or pump drill or 
any other ? 16. Is the drill provided with a fly-wheel ? 
No. XVI.—FIRE. 
As a general rule, all tribes both preserve and produce fire. 
There are statements as to fireless tribes which should be 
carefully examined when met with : most of them have 
broken down under close inspection. The history of the 
practical art of fire-making is interesting ; and the place of 
fire in social and religious ceremony gives valuable informa¬ 
tion as to the constitution of family and tribal life, the idea 
of moral purity, and several points of theology. 
1. By what means is fire produced? 2. If by friction of 
wood, what is the exact instrument used, whether the stick- 
and-groove, the simple fire-drill twisted between the hands, 
or some improved form. 3. Is this ruder instrument still 
kept up in religious ceremonies ? 4. If the fire is made by 
striking flint on pyrites or iron, is it remembered if this art 
was learnt*from foreigners? 5. Are any other instruments 
used, such as the fire-syringe, burning-lens, &c. ? 6. How is 
fire kept up and carried about ? 7. What fuel is used ? 
8. Are their legends of the discovery of fire or invention of 
fire-making ? 9. If so, do they seem to be myths personi¬ 
fying the fire or the fire-drill itself? 
10. Is the household fire symbolic of family ties ? 11. Is 
it held sacred, placed in charge of any particular person ? is 
there any family worship connected with it ? and by whom 
performed? 12. Is there a council-fire or other fires on 
special occasions or in special buildings ? 
