119 
trace to be found of the picture representing not the object 
itself, but the sound of its name, i.e ., is any rudiment of 
phonetic writing noticeable ? 7. If pictures or other charac¬ 
ters are used for phonetic purposes, what is the system of their 
use ? 8. Is there a system of signs for syllables or letters ? 
9. Is any mixed system of picture-signs and sound-signs used, 
as in the Egyptian hieroglyphics ? 10. Is the syllabarium or 
alphabet apparently of pure native invention, or suggested 
by the sight of some civilized alphabet ? or is it directly bor¬ 
rowed from some other country ? 11. Is there any record of 
the time and circumstances under which a foreign alphabet 
was introduced ? 12. Is printing of any kind from stamps, 
blocks, or types in use ? 13. Give drawings of any owner’s 
marks upon arrows, weapons, tools, &c. 14. Draw mason’s 
marks, cattle-brands, ciphers, and secret signs. 
E. B. T. 
No. XXIIL—DRAWING AND SCULPTURE. 
Great difference is observable in the capacity for drawing 
shown by different races. Thus the Esquimaux are compara¬ 
tively skilful draughtsmen, whilst the Australians, as a rule, 
have but little knowledge of it. Amongst the relics found 
in the caves of Perigord, in France, life-like representations 
of animals have been discovered, whilst the rock-engravings 
of South America represent figures so grotesque as scarcely 
to be recognized. Care should, however, be taken to distin¬ 
guish between true representative art, however rude, which is 
the best attempt of natives to depict the objects truthfully, 
and conventionalized symbols, which are merely based upon 
the forms of nature. These, although of the utmost interest, 
come more properly under the head of writing or ornamenta¬ 
tion, and must not be confounded with the former. The 
three branches, drawing, writing, and ornamentation, spring 
from a common centre ; and the traveller should make it his 
best endeavour to classify the rock sculptures, carvings, and 
