136 
to deities who inhabit the forest? 127. Are there special 
spirits of each tree, each wood, each kind of tree, or a 
god of the forest ? 127#. Are any offerings placed beneath 
trees? 128. Are any beasts worshipped? 129. If so, are 
they creatures actually dangerous or powerful, as tigers or 
elephants, or many sorts of reptiles, birds, and beasts ? Are 
sacred animals incarnations of a deity, or under its protec¬ 
tion? 130. Is it unlawful to eat them? and to whom? 
131. Are there tribes named after particular animals ? 
132. Is such an animal considered to represent the ancestor, 
totem, or patron deity of the tribe ? 133. Are individuals of the 
tribe known by its name as a clan-name or totem? 134. Has 
each species of animals a patron deity ? (Totemism, No. XL.) 
Polytheism a7id Monotheism. —135. What are the gods 
worshipped ? are any of them distinctly the great powers of 
nature? 136. Is there a heaven-god? if so, is he the sky 
itself, or a being dwelling in or above it ? or does he partake 
of both characters ? 137. Is there a rain-god? 138. Is there 
a thunder-god ? 138&. Are thunder and lightning considered 
the same or separate deities ? 139. Are the winds considered 
deities, independent, or controlled by a wind-god? 140. Is 
there an earth-god? 141. Are there great river-gods, a sea- 
god, a water-god, or gods representing celestial bodies ? 
142. A fire-god ? 143. What special ceremonies are performed 
for these gods, such as turning to the east in sun-worship, 
worshipping the moon at new and full, &c. ? 144. What other 
great deities are known ? are there special deities concerned 
with agriculture, war, &c. ? is a divine ancestor of Man a 
god of the dead? 145. Are there other deities of import¬ 
ance, whose natures are other than those mentioned, or 
whose character and functions are of a mixed kind, not 
easily accounted for ? 146. Do any deities seem borrowed, 
in name or character, from the religions of other nations ? 
1460. Are the gods of other nations recognized as being real 
and powerful ? 147. Are there two hostile deities, one good 
and the other evil? 148. If so, what other functions have 
they ? and is either of them one of the previously mentioned 
deities, heaven, sun, &c. ? 149. Is there a Creator of all 
