148 
but right when done against an alien (e.g., theft, deceit, &c.) ?’ 
9. Is any moral code ascribed to an ancient lawgiver, hero, or 
deity? 10. Is religious influence brought to bear on moral 
conduct ? are gods or spirits considered to punish certain 
acts by afflicting the doer or his family ? 11. Is any moral or 
immoral conduct considered to affect the state of a man’s soul 
during life or after death ? 
12. Is it wrong to do harm to the person or property of a 
non-tribesman or member of a hostile tribe ? are there excep¬ 
tional cases? 13. Is wanton ill-treatment of wives, children,, 
and slaves wrong? and who may protest? 14. Is hospitality 
inculcated towards tribesmen or all men ? is it wicked to 
refuse it and mean to stint it ? 15. Is giving away or sharing 
of food and other property a duty or a virtuous act ? what is 
the notion of liberality and generosity ? 16. Is covetousness 
condemned ? and is the accumulation of property regarded as 
an avaricious act ? 17. Is it wrong to steal from one’s friends 
and tribesmen? 18. Is it wrong to rob strangers? j 9. Is 
cheating approved or condemned ? and what difference does 
it make whether the person cheated is a friend or a stranger ? 
20. Is lying wrong in itself, or under particular circumstances ? 
21. Is the breaking of solemn engagements or oaths con¬ 
demned ? and what is the usual judgment as to treachery ? 
22. Is abstemiousness in eating, and temperance in, or absti¬ 
nence from, use of intoxicating drink approved ? 23. Are 
gluttony, laziness, dirtiness, gossipping, tale-bearing, &c., con¬ 
demned ? 24. Is reverence to the aged a duty or virtue ? and 
is its neglect condemned ? 
25. Is general courtesy and kindness inculcated and rude¬ 
ness condemned ? 26. What are the rules of right and wrong 
as to unchastity in either sex before marriage ? 27. After 
marriage, are acts of unchastity offences which public opinion 
takes account of as wrong ? 28. Is adultery a personal injury, 
or an offence against morals, or both ? 29. How does public 
opinion judge of unnatural acts ? 30. Is selfishness con¬ 
sidered a vice ? 31. How is cowardice judged of ? 32. Are 
bravery, ferocity, tenacity of revenge, endurance of pain and 
hardship, and other warlike qualities looked on as the chief 
