168 
music? if so, what are they? 50. Is the time of the music 
generally common time, triple time, or irregular ? A regular 
rhythmical method often exists. Find out how they construct 
their rhythms. 51. Are there phrases or passages in the 
melodies which are of frequent reoccurrence ? Melodies are 
often constructed of several different parts which in per¬ 
formance cannot be easily distinguished. Care should be 
taken to ascertain whether their melodies are constructed to 
any rule of musical form. 52. Have the airs of the songs 
reoccurrences of musical phrases which are traceable to the 
form of the poetry? 53. Have the people musical com¬ 
positions which they regard as very old ? and do these 
compositions exhibit the same characteristics which are found 
in the modern ones ? 54. Are the compositions generally 
lively or grave ? 55. Describe the form of the various kinds 
of musical compositions. In all cases try to study national 
music from the native standpoint, and if possible with a 
native teacher. 
Performances. — 56. Have the people musical bands (or 
orchestras)? 57. Which are the instruments (a) generally 
used in combination ? or (p) commonly used singly ? 58. 
What is the number of performers in a properly constituted 
band? 59. Is there a leader of the band? How does he 
direct the performers ? 60. Does the band play in unison or 
in harmony ? 61. If vocal music is combined with instru¬ 
mental music performed by the band, is the instrumental 
accompaniment in unison (or in octaves) with the voices, or 
has it something of its own ? 62. Is the tempo generally fast 
or slow ? 63. Are there sudden changes or gradual changes 
in the tempo ? 64. Are there changes in the degree of 
loudness ? 65. Do the musicians, on repeating a piece, intro¬ 
duce alterations or variations of the theme ? 66. Do they 
introduce embellishments ad libitum ? 67. Mention the oc¬ 
casions (religious ceremonies, social and public amusements, 
celebrations, processions, &c.) on which musical performances 
take place. 68. Is music employed to facilitate manual 
labour (e.g., paddling) ? 69. Are there songs or instrumental 
compositions appertaining to particular occupations or trades? 
