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area of drainage ? 5. Do they contain freshwater or marine 
shells, human or other animal remains, or stone implements ? 
if so, preserve them carefully. 6. Label each specimen with 
the locality at once, and give sections to scale showing the 
exact depth beneath the surface at which the remains were 
found : note the thickness of the various stratified layers above 
them, and obtain as nearly as possible the height above the 
existing river. 7. What is the growth of timber upon the 
terraces ? and is there any marked difference in the flora of 
the different terraces ? 8. What is the excavating power of 
the river at the present time, as shown by the damage caused 
by floods ? how high do the floods of the river rise at present ? 
is the present bed of the river rising or sinking ? 9. Should 
opportunity occur, look for implements chiefly at the bottom 
of the gravels between the river-drift and the subjacent 
rocks, in the positions shown by a + in the following 
imaginary section across a valley. 9 a. Note whether the 
Fig. 1. 
/777 SUBJACENT ROCKS 
stone of which the implement is made is a local rock ? 10. 
The following, amongst many varieties, are the two principal 
types which have been found in Europe, in the drift-gravels, 
associated with the remains of elephant, rhinoceros, hippo¬ 
potamus, and other extinct animals : these illustrations are 
contributed by Sir John Evans, K.C.B. 
