218 
Totemism, No. XL.) 16. In what estimation are courte¬ 
sans held? 17. Does a man cohabit with his wife 
immediately after marriage? 18. Does he visit her by 
stealth for some time after marriage ? 19. Is the bride 
deflowered by any other than her husband ? 20. What 
are the occasions when men refrain from cohabitation with 
their wives? 21. Is the marriage ceremony regarded as 
possessing any religious character ? 22. Is there any 
symbol of a previous marriage to. any deity ? 23. Are the 
women allowed much freedom before marriage ? 24. When 
married are they good wives? 25. Under what circum¬ 
stances, if any, is divorce permitted ? 26. May wives who 
have been divorced marry again ? 27. Do a man’s relations 
with other individuals undergo any change on his marriage ? 
(1 e.g ., with his wife’s father or mother). 
J. L. 
No. LXVI.— EDUCATION. 
Education in its widest sense means training, and there are 
few peoples which have not some form or other of training 
the young. Physical traning begins in early childhood, and 
those children’s games which mimic the employments of their 
elders form a kind of education ; later, when the youths 
associate with the men more serious instruction commences. 
Ordeals which lads, and sometimes girls, have to undergo at 
puberty, or before receiving full standing as adults or as 
warriors, though employed as tests of bravery and endurance, 
constitute a short but sharp training. During initiation into 
manhood there is often a prolonged isolation, usually accom¬ 
panied by various hardships which altogether is an education 
of no mean rigour, lasting, in some cases, from a few weeks. 
to many months or even years. Discipline is then rigorously 
maintained, and all kinds of food and other restrictions are 
