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ground where they stand and focus for these extremes, then 
place the subjects between these marks and they must be in 
focus. It is often fatal to the successful taking of a group of 
natives if the operator has to put his head under a cloth and 
fumble about with the focussing screw or change the dark 
slide. The promise of a print from the negative will often 
secure a sitting, but this should be regarded as a favour, and 
not as a right. 
It is important to get photographs of various stages of a 
ceremony, or of the making of any object. Pictures of the way 
in which tools and implements are held, and of the stages of 
manufactures are more valuable than tedious verbal descrip¬ 
tions. The common actions of daily life should not be 
neglected ; be very careful that the subject is, or appears to 
be, actually performing the action ; many photographs are 
spoiled by the subject looking at the photographer, or being 
in an obviously erroneous position or location. Always seize 
the first opportunity of photographing. “ Never put off till 
to-morrow what you can do to-day.” 
A. C. H. 
Additional Notes on Photography. 
Photographic Apparatus. 
i. Camera .—The most convenient photographic apparatus 
is a half-plate camera and its equipment. I recommend 
this size because (a) it will be found to be almost the 
largest that the traveller can manage to carry without aid ; 
(h) plates for it are more readily obtained than any others. 
If a smaller camera be preferred, the next best size is the 
quarter-plate. It should be made of the best seasoned 
mahogany, and brass or aluminium bound. It may be of 
the square or conical bellows type, but if the latter shape, 
be selected, the front should be of as large size as possible. 
It should have a reversing back, a movable front, capable of 
shifting both vertically and horizontally, a swing back, and 
