ANTHROPOLOGY. 
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some of the more conspicuous, such as the relative length and width 
of the skull as taken by hatters. This roughly indicates the marked 
difference between dolichokephalic or long-headed peoples, like the 
African negro, and brachykephalic or short-headed peoples, like the 
Kalmuks and other Tartars. Attention should be paid also to the degree 
of prognathism or projection of jaw, which, in some races, as the 
Australian, gives a “ muzzle ” unlike the English type. Where practicable, 
native skeletons, and especially skulls, should be sent home for accurate 
examination. How far this can be done depends much on the feeling of 
the people; for while some tribes do not object to the removal of bones, 
especially if not of their own kinsfolk, in other districts it is hardly safe 
to risk the displeasure of the natives at the removal of the dead—a 
feeling which is not only due to affection or respect, but even more to 
terror of the vengeance of the ghosts whose relics have been disturbed. 
In describing complexion, such terms as “ brown ” or “ olive,” so often 
used without further definition in books of travel, are too inexact to be of 
use. Broca’s scale of colours (see the Anthropological f Notes and Queries’) 
gives means of matching the tints of skin, hair, and eyes; if this is not 
forthcoming, the paint-box should be used to record them. Among rude 
tribes, the colour of the skin is often so masked by paint and dirt that 
the subject must be washed to see the real complexion. Hair is also an 
important race-mark, varying as it does in colour from flaxen to black, and 
also in form and size of the hairs; for instance the American Indian’s 
coarse straight hair seems almost like a horse’s tail in comparison with 
the Bushman’s hair with its natural frizz of tiny spirals. Locks of hair 
should therefore be collected. The traveller, however, will often find 
some difficulty in getting such specimens, from the objection prevalent in 
the uncivilised world of letting any part of the body, such as hair and nail- 
clippings, pass into strangers’ hands lest they should be used to bewitch 
their former owner. Even in such countries as Italy, to ask for a lock of 
a peasant-girl’s hair may lead to the anthropologist being suspected of 
wishing to practise love-charms on her. 
Differences of temperament between nations are commonly to be 
noticed; for instance, in comparing the shy and grave Malays with the 
boisterous Africans. It is an interesting but difficult problem how far 
such differences are due to inherited race-character, and how far to such 
social influences as education and custom, and to the conditions of life 
