ANTHROPOLOGY. 
Ill 
Trees and Plants. 
Numerals (noticing how far they extend, and whether referring to 
fingers). 
Instruments and Appliances— as spear, bow, hatchet, needle, pot, boat, 
cord, house, roof, &c. 
Arts and Pastimes —as picture, paint, carving, statue, song, dance, toy, 
game, riddle, &c. 
Family Relationships (as defined by native custom). 
Social and Legal Terms —as chief, freeman, slave, witness, punishment, 
fine, &c. 
Religious Terms —as soul, spirit, dream, vision, sacrifice, penance, &c. 
Moral Terms —as truth, falsehood, kindness, treachery, love, &c. 
Abstract Terms , relating to time, space, colour, shape, power, cause, &c. 
The interjections used in any language can be noted, whether they are 
organic expressions of emotion, like oh ! ugh! ur-r-r J or sounds the nature 
of which is not so evident. Also imitative words which name animals from 
their cries, or express sounding objects or actions by their sounds, are 
common in all languages, and strike the stranger. Examples of such are 
kah-kah for a crow, twonk for a frog, pututu for a shell-trumpet, haitschu 
for to sneeze. When such imitative words are noticed passing into other 
meanings where the connection with sound is not obvious, they become 
interesting facts in the development of language; as, to take a familiar 
example from English, the imitative verb to puff becomes a term for light 
pastry and metaphorically blown-up praise. 
It is only when the traveller has a long or close acquaintance with a 
tribe, that he is able to deal satisfactorily with the vocabulary and 
structure of their language. To be able to carry on a conversation in 
broken sentences is not enough, for an actual grammar and dictionary is 
required to enable philologists to make out the structure and affinities 
with other languages. It used to be customary to send out English lists 
of thirty or forty ordinary words to have equivalents put to them in native 
languages. As every detail of this kind is worth having, these lists 
cannot be said to be quite worthless, but they go hardly any way toward 
what is really wanted. They are liable to frequent mistakes, as when 
the barbarian, from whom the white man is trying to get the term “ foot,” 
answers with a word meaning “ my leg,” which is carefully taken down 
