190 
HINTS TO TRAVELLERS. 
> Iritis, or inflammation of the eyeball itself. 
Symptoms .— In this the vision is dimmed and the transparent part of 
the eye is found to be cloudy. Skilled assistance is necessary. 
Treatment.— Apply hot fomentations and boric acid lotion; leeches or 
a blister to the temples are of service, and the pupil, which is con¬ 
tracted, should be dilated by dropping two or three drops of a one 
per cent, solution of atropine on to the eye twice a day or oftener till it 
is well dilated; only enough drops should be applied afterwards to 
prevent the pupil from contracting. Keep the eye covered with a pad 
of lint soaked in cold water. The bowels should be kept well open, 
and one grain of calomel may be given three times a day for a week, 
or longer if it does not cause a coppery taste in the mouth with tender¬ 
ness of the gums and excessive flow of the saliva. As the inflamma¬ 
tion subsides a shade may replace the pad. 
Sight blindness and snoiv blindness are due to exposure to the glare 
either of the sun or of the snow. To avoid these complaints tinted 
glasses should be worn. Travellers in snowy regions should be provided 
with smoked glasses; if these get broken or lost, some opaque substance 
may be smeared over the surface of an ordinary pair, leaving a narrow 
horizontal slit of clear glass—in the Esquimaux fashion, as shown in 
the accompanying illustration. On snow it must be remembered that 
Fig. 2. 
the perforated wire gauze sides are essential for protection from the 
reflected rays of the sun. Elastic may be substituted with advantage for 
the ordinary metallic attachments, between the glasses as well as around 
the head. 
