MEDICAL HINTS. 
201 
Causes. —Shock from injury, inflammation and blocking up of the 
kidneys. Suppression of the urine is a rather common complication of 
severe cases of blackwater fever. 
Treatment. —Hot baths, hot poultices to the loins, free use of aperients-, 
especially Epsom salts and other saline purges. Bicarbonate of soda 
in full doses. Keep the skin acting freely by means of sweet nitre, or 
Warburg’s tincture, or five-grain doses of antipyrine. Injections of hot 
water into the lower bowel. 
Cystitis , or Inflammation of the Bladder. 
• Causes. —Injury or the result of operations, extension of inflammations 
such as gonorrhoea, retention and decomposition of urine; debilitated 
or gouty persons are especially liable to this affection. 
Symptoms. —Intense pain in the lower part of the belly, and in the 
crutch, continual desire to pass water, with frequent passage of small 
quantities. The urine is scanty, high-coloured, foul smelling, and' 
occasionally blood-stained, and there may be some fever. 
Treatment. —Hot baths, leeches, or fomentations to the crutch, and 
a sedative, such as opium (preferably given by the bowel) will be 
required. If the disease continues the bladder should be washed out 
through a catheter with weak boric acid solution, five grains to the 
ounce, or chinosol (1 in 2000), twice a day. Urotropin, ten grains, and 
copaiba or sandal wood oil in ten-drop doses. 
The diet should be restricted to milk. 
Syphilis. 
Syphilis, or the Pox, is an infectious venereal disease, nearly always 
communicated by direct contagion. The course of the disease is marked 
by a primary sore, the chancre; early constitutional (secondary) symp¬ 
toms, and late constitutional (tertiary) symptoms. 
In primary syphilis the disease is limited to the part or organ origin¬ 
ally infected, and the glands connected with that spot. After an 
incubation period of from three to six weeks a small painless pimple 
appears at the seat of infection; it breaks down, and forms a small ulcer 
