240 
HINTS TO TRAVELLERS. 
Saline purgatives are useful, too, in many cases of habitual constipa¬ 
tion, and, if necessary, a small dose may be given every morning in a 
tumbler of warm water. 
Quinine. —Quinine is chiefly used for malarial fever, and the urgency 
of the case must be the guide as to the amount to be administered. It 
is seldom necessary to give more than ten grains three times a day; 
•at times enormous doses, such as thirty grains three times a day, have 
been given with advantage, but such doses are rarely necessary, and in 
the absence of a medical man should never be given. 
The administration of quinine sometimes causes headache, deafness, 
delirium, and partial or even complete blindness. In such cases the 
dose should be reduced or the drug withheld until these symptoms have 
disappeared. 
It has been stated that quinine causes blackwater fever; this, I believe , 
is absolutely untrue . I have seen cases of black water fever, appa¬ 
rently resulting from the neglect of malarious attacks, which date 
the commencement of their recovery from the first administration 
of quinine. 
Quinine, like all other drugs, acts most quickly if given in solution; 
the nauseous taste can be somewhat disguised by adding chloroform 
water or essence of ginger or lime juice to the solution. Many men take 
the drug in a little beer or spirit for the same purpose. 
Quinine pills are, as a rule, very insoluble, therefore they are not suit¬ 
able for explorers. Quinine in the form of a tabloid, or in a capsule, or 
wrapped in tissue paper acts well. 
Sometimes, owing to frequent vomiting or other cause, the quinine 
administered by the mouth cannot be retained. It must then be given 
by means of an enema or by injection beneath the skin. 
If the traveller decides to give a hypodermic injection of quinine, 
he should only give five grains at a time. The dose should be added to 
about a teaspoonfnl of water which has been boiled and allowed to cool. 
The amount of water is of little importance so long as enough is 
used to dissolve the drug, and keep it in solution when the water is cool 
enough to be injected. 
Injections are best made deeply under the skin or into the muscles of 
the flanks, sides, or back, and not into the limbs. 
The 'preparations of quinine .—Many preparations of quinine are made; 
