252 
HINTS TO TRAVELLERS. 
system, in order that the proper pronunciation may be approximately 
known. Exceptions should be in cases where the spelling has become by 
custom fixed, and occasionally it may be desirable to give both forms. 
8. Generic geographical terms, e.g . those for Island, River, Mountain, 
n&c., should be as a rule given in the native form. In the case of Euro¬ 
pean countries, translation into English, where this has been the custom, 
should be retained, e.g., Cape Ortegal, not Cabo Ortegal, River Seine, not 
Fleuve Seine. 
N.B.—On any printed map or MS. document, an explanatory table 
giving the English equivalents of the generic terms used, should of 
necessity be inserted. 
The following amplification of these rules explains their application 
Letters. 
Pronunciation and Remarks. 
Examples. 
a 
ah, a as in father . 
Java, Banana, Somali, Bari. 
<e 
eh, a as in fate, e in benefit . 
Tel-el-Kebfr, Oleleh, Yezo, 
i 
■o 
English e; i as in ravine; ihe sound of 
ee in beet. Thus, not Feejee, but 
o as in mote . 
Medina, Levuka, Peru. 
Fiji, Hindi. 
Tokyo. 
u 
long u as in flute ; the sound of oo in boot, 
oo or ou should never be employed for 
this sound. Thus, not Zooloo, but 
Zulu, Sumatra. 
The shorter sound of the different ' 
vowels, when necessary to be indi¬ 
cated, can be expressed by doubling 
the consonant that follows. The 
sounds referred to are as follows:— 
The short a, as in fatter , as com¬ 
pared with the long a, as in father 
The short e, as in better , as com¬ 
pared with the long e, as in fate 
The short i, as in sinner , as com¬ 
pared with the long i, as in ravine 
The short o, as in sobbing , as com¬ 
pared with the long o, as in sober 
The short u, as in rubber , as com¬ 
pared with the long u, as in rubric 
* The y is retained as a terminal in this word under Rule 2 above. The word is given as a 
familiar example of the alteration in sound caused by the second consonant. 
Yarra, Tanna, Mecca, Jidda, 
' Bonny.* 
