RULES. 
253 
Letters. 
ai 
au 
ao 
aw 
ei 
b 
c 
ch 
d 
f 
S 
h 
liw 
j 
k 
kh 
gk 
1 
m 
n 
Pronunciation and Remarks. 
In the case of two different consonants 
following a short u, the accent u may 
be used instead of doubling the con¬ 
sonant, as Tung , pronounced tongue. 
Doubling of a vowel is only necessary 
where there is a distinct repetition of 
the single sound. 
as in aisle , or English i as in iee .. 
ow as in liow. Thus, not. Foochow, but 
is slightly different from above 
when followed by a consonant or at the 
end of a word, as in law . 
is the sound of the two Italian vowels, 
but is frequently slurred over, when it 
is scarcely to be distinguished from ei 
in the Englishe^t or eg in the English 
they. 
English h. 
is always soft, but is so nearly the sound 
of s that it should be seldom used. 
If Celebes were not already recognised it 
would be written Selebes. 
is always soft as in church . 
English d. 
English f. ph should not be used for the 
sound of /. Thus, not Haiphong , but 
is always hard. (Soft g is given by j) .. 
is always pronounced when inserted, 
as in what; better rendered by hw than 
by wh, or h followed by a vowel, thus 
Hwang ho , not Whang ho, or Hoang ho. 
English j. Dj should never be put for 
this sound. 
English h. It should always be put for 
the hard c. Thus, not Corea , but 
The Oriental guttural . 
is another guttural, as in the Turkish .. 
>As in English. 
Examples. 
Nuulua, Oosima. 
Shanghai. 
Fuchau. 
Macao. 
Cawnpore. 
Beirut, Beiluh 
Celebes. 
Chingchin. 
Haifong, Nafa. 
Galapagos. 
Hwang ho, Ngan hwei. 
Japan, Jinchuen. 
Korea. 
Khan. 
Dagh, Ghazi. 
