150 
THE FLOEIST AND POMOLOGIST. 
[ OCTOBEK, 
Wales, heavy red-edged. 2nd, Mr. John Metcher, 
with Obadiah, heavy scarlet-edged; Alice, medium 
purple-edged; Brunette, heavy red-edged ; llev. F. 
D. Horner, light red-edged; Seedling; Master 
Norman, heavy red-edged ; J. B. Bryant, heavy 
red-edged, a nice bloom; Seedling; Miss Lee, 
medium rose-edged, very neat and pretty ; Zerlina, 
heavy purple-edged ; Miss Wood, light rose-edged ; 
Morna, heavy red-edged, an extra fine bloom. 3rd, 
Mr. Slack, who had remarkably good blooms of 
Violet Douglas, light red-edged; and Mrs. Allcroft, 
light rose-edged. 4th, Mr. Thos. Mellor, who had 
the finest Violet Douglas, light red-edged, in the 
Show, a first-elass sort, that should be in every col¬ 
lection. 5th, Mr. J. Sharp. 6th, Mr. C. Auckland. 
In the Class for 6 blooms there was no competition. 
Single Blooms, in classes.— Bed, heavy-edged: 
1st and 2nd, Mr. G. Eudd, with J. B. Bryant. 3rd 
and 5th, Mr. J. Fletcher, with Morna. 4th, Mr. J. 
Booth, with Lord Valentia. 6th, Mr. G. Eudd, with 
Mrs. Norman.— Bed, light-edged ; 1st and 3rd, Mr. B. 
Simonite, with Violet Douglas. 2nd, Mr. J. Fletcher, 
with Thomas William. 4th and 5th, Mr. J. Booth, 
with Clara. 6th, Mr. G. Eudd, with Thomas William. 
■— Purple, heavy-edged : 1st and 3rd, Mr. Chadwick, 
with Miss Chadwick. 2ud, Mr. Sharp, with Emily. 
4th, Mr. B. Simonite, •with Mary. 5th, Mr. 
Auckland, w'ith a Seedling. 6th, Mr. J. Booth, with 
Picco.— Purple, light-edged : 1st, Mr. J. Booth, with 
Ann Lord. 2nd, Mr. B. Simonite, with Ann Lord. 
3rd, Mr. E. Gorton, wdth Cynthia. 4th, Mr. Sharp, 
with Crystal Palace. 5th, Mr. J. Booth, with Alice. 
6th, Mr. Mellor, with Mary.— Bose, heavy-edged ; 1st, 
Mr. E. Gorton, with Miss Horner. 2nd, Mr. 
Mellor, with Mrs. Ford. 3rd, Mr. G. Eudd, with 
Seedling. 5th, Mr. Fletcher, -with Eev. H. Matthews ; 
6th, with Edith Dombrain.— Bose, light-edged: 1st, 
Mr. .1. Booth, with Miss Wood, very fine. 2nd, Mr. 
B. Simonite, -with Miss Wood, also fine. 3rd and 
4th, Mr. Mellor, with Miss Wood. 5th, Mr. J. 
Booth, with Bertha. 6fch, Mr, B. Simonite, 'Nvith 
Mrs. Alloroft. 
The Premier Picotee selected from the vs'hole of 
the flowers shown -svas Miss Horner, exhibited by 
Mr. Jonathan Booth, Failsworth ; this ’;vas a splendid 
heavy, rose-edged flower, and the variety was 
grand through all tlie exhibition. 
The Carnation-growers have the sympathy 
of those brother-florists who have preceded 
them in a difficult season with the Auricula 
and the Tulip, though the larger part of us 
have shared more or less in the trying times 
that have been for all these flowers. There is 
all the brighter hope for a better season next 
year, in that this could hardly have been a 
worse.—F. D. Hoeneb, Kirhhy Malzeard, 
Bipon, 
SCARIFICATION AS A CURE FOR 
GUMMING IN FEUIT-TEEES. 
OME time since, M. Prillieux read before 
the French Academy of Sciences, an 
account of some experiments made to 
ascertain the cause and cure of gumming in 
fruit-trees. The formation of gum, he re¬ 
marked, is more or less prejudicial to the health 
of the subjects affected, and from his own in- 
vestio'ations he had been enabled to establish 
o 
the fact that it constitutes a veritable disease, 
which he named rjommose. The alimentary 
substances held in reserve in the deeper parts 
of the tissues, instead of serving for the growth 
of the plant, are diverted for the production 
of gum, and a portion of them accumulate, 
awaiting the instant of their transformation, 
about gummy centres, which seem to act 
in the organism as centres of irritation. 
On the first appearance of gum in the cellule, 
the unchanged starch gathers into small 
masses, ai’ound which forms a thin coating of 
gum. Gradually the starch diminishes, while 
the coating of gum increases, until at last the 
starch disappears altogether, leaving generally 
a vacant space in the centre of the mass of 
gum. Often the gum, produced in consider¬ 
able cjuantitjr, is formed in the spaces between 
the tissues, generally between the wood and the 
bark, often also at different depths in the 
wood. The gum spaces grow at the expense 
of the neighbouring tissues, which suffer im¬ 
portant modifications; the cambium, instead 
of producing woody fibre, forms cellules, in 
which abundance of starch is deposited, the 
starch subsequently becoming converted into 
gum. This specific formation of a starchy 
parenchyma may be considered as the first 
specially active phase of the disease. It is a true 
pathological indication, exhibiting the forma¬ 
tion of a new morbid tissue by a specific trans¬ 
formation of the constituent elements of the 
normally healthy tissue. What follows ? In 
the first place, an exudation of gum into the 
interior of the vessels, and sometimes of the 
fibres ; next, the appearance of the gum, at 
first, between the cells, and afterwards in the 
interior of the cellular wall itself, the layers of 
which become separated by, and distented 
with, the infiltrated gum. In this case, also, 
it is possible that the substance of the 
cellular wall undergoes a partial gummy 
degeneration. 
Although already undergoing a gummy de¬ 
generation, the adjacent tissues manifest a 
great activity in forming a fresh matter, and 
the cellules on the margin of the affected space 
increase in size and number in an extraordinary 
degree. An organic action has been set up, 
quite analogous to that which M. Trecul has 
so well described in his account of the forma- 
